Two parallel pilot plants, PP1 and PP2, each consisting of a two-stage filtration system, were evaluated; the first stage of PP1 consisted of an upflow coarse sand filter while that of PP2 consisted of an upflow gravel filter. Both pilot plants had a rapid downflow sand filter as a second stage. System pretreatment performance was determined based on the efficiency of filtering surface raw water previously coagulated with aluminium sulphate. Filter run lengths were longer in PP1 than in PP2. Coagulant doses were determined and controlled by using a bench-scale sand filter, the dominant mechanism being adsorption-destabilization with partial charge neutralization. Results of turbidity, apparent colour, total iron and manganese concentrations in the final effluent in both pilot plants were shown to meet Brazilian standards. The quality of effluents from both systems showed no variation and thus the two filtration systems were equivalent. Conclusively, both systems were found to be technically feasible processes for water clarification and compare favourably with conventional clarification systems of flocculation, sedimentation and filtration when treating raw water with turbidity lower than 20 NTU and true colour below 50 HU.
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December 2004
This article was originally published in
Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua
Article Contents
Research Article|
December 01 2004
Evaluation of two-stage filtration systems in drinking water treatment
Paulo Tadeu R. de Gusmão;
1Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco (Brazil), Rua Reverendo Samuel Falcão, 44/301, Madalena, Recife, PE—CEP, 50610-260, Brazil E-mail: [email protected]
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Luiz Di Bernardo
Luiz Di Bernardo
2Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, School of Engineering at Sao Carlos, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil E-mail: [email protected]
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Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua (2004) 53 (8): 519–530.
Citation
Paulo Tadeu R. de Gusmão, Luiz Di Bernardo; Evaluation of two-stage filtration systems in drinking water treatment. Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 1 December 2004; 53 (8): 519–530. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2004.0041
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