A model that directly estimates HW coefficients for pipe networks by making tracer concentration measurements at selected nodes is developed utilizing the inverse method. The model considers even-, over- and under-determined cases, depending on the number of measurements and estimated parameters. For the purpose of model verification, tracer concentrations obtained by forward simulation are considered as measurements. Results showed that the model made accurate determinations of the unknown HW coefficients for both even- and over-determined cases for some scenarios and less accurate determinations for other scenarios. The under-determined case made reasonable estimates of the unknown HW coefficient for most of the scenarios considered. Error analysis showed that errors are introduced into the determined HW coefficient as a result of measurement errors and as a result of making the measurements at low sensitive nodes. Error analysis also showed that the determined HW coefficient is more sensitive to the measurement location (sensitivity) than to the measurement error. Both conservative and non-conservative tracers may be used. However, conservative tracers are expected to make better estimation of HW coefficients as they produce larger sensitivities.
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August 2005
This article was originally published in
Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua
Article Contents
Research Article|
August 01 2005
Calibration of Hazen–Williams coefficients in pipe networks using tracers
Abbas S. Al-Omari;
1Water & Environment Research & Study Center, University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan Tel: +962 6535 5000 X2944 Fax: +962 6535 5560 [email protected]
E-mail: [email protected]
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Ahmad I. Jamrah
Ahmad I. Jamrah
2Civil Engineering Department, University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan [email protected]
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Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua (2005) 54 (5): 293–311.
Article history
Received:
November 17 2003
Accepted:
December 06 2004
Citation
Abbas S. Al-Omari, Ahmad I. Jamrah; Calibration of Hazen–Williams coefficients in pipe networks using tracers. Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 1 August 2005; 54 (5): 293–311. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2005.0028
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