In this paper we report the findings of a European survey of regulated and emerging disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking waters in selected regions that were part of epidemiology studies. The levels of DBPs found reflected the diverse regions from which the samples were collected, the different treatment/disinfection processes and the different source waters. In addition to a wide range of concentrations of DBPs (e.g. median trihalomethanes (THMs) of 8–85 μg L–1), bromine incorporation was quite diverse (e.g. some waters were highly dominated by bromine-containing DBPs, whereas others only had chlorine-containing species). Bromine incorporation was highest in the haloacetonitriles (HANs) and was lowest in the trihalogenated haloacetic acids (THAAs). In addition, the ratios of THMs to HAAs, THMs to HANs, and THAAs to dihalogenated HAAs varied. Exposure assessment based on THMs alone was not sufficient for indicating the presence of emerging DBPs of health concern. Occurrence studies must include a more diverse group of analytes to better understand exposure to DBPs of health concern.
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August 2014
This article was originally published in
Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua
Article Contents
Research Article|
November 29 2013
Disinfection by-product occurrence in selected European waters
Emma H. Goslan;
1Cranfield Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedford, MK43 0AL, UK
E-mail: [email protected]
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Stuart W. Krasner;
Stuart W. Krasner
2Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, La Verne, CA 91750, USA
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Cristina M. Villanueva;
Cristina M. Villanueva
3Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Epidemiology, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Dr. Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; and Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Plaça de la Mercè, 10-12, 08002 Barcelona, Spain
4IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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Glòria Carrasco Turigas;
Glòria Carrasco Turigas
3Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Epidemiology, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Dr. Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; and Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Plaça de la Mercè, 10-12, 08002 Barcelona, Spain
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Mireille B. Toledano;
Mireille B. Toledano
6MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
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Manolis Kogevinas;
Manolis Kogevinas
3Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Epidemiology, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Dr. Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; and Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Plaça de la Mercè, 10-12, 08002 Barcelona, Spain
4IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
5National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece
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Euripides G. Stephanou;
Euripides G. Stephanou
7Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Dept of Chemistry, University of Crete, 71003 Voutes-Heraklion, Greece
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Sylvaine Cordier;
Sylvaine Cordier
8Inserm, U625, University of Rennes I, IFR140 Rennes, France
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Regina Gražulevičienė;
Regina Gražulevičienė
9Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Simon A. Parsons;
... Show more
Simon A. Parsons
1Cranfield Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedford, MK43 0AL, UK
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Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen
Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen
3Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Epidemiology, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Dr. Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; and Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Plaça de la Mercè, 10-12, 08002 Barcelona, Spain
6MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
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Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua (2014) 63 (5): 379–390.
Article history
Received:
January 14 2013
Accepted:
October 28 2013
Citation
Emma H. Goslan, Stuart W. Krasner, Cristina M. Villanueva, Glòria Carrasco Turigas, Mireille B. Toledano, Manolis Kogevinas, Euripides G. Stephanou, Sylvaine Cordier, Regina Gražulevičienė, Simon A. Parsons, Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen; Disinfection by-product occurrence in selected European waters. Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 1 August 2014; 63 (5): 379–390. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2013.017
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