The drinking water distribution system of Cremona, in the north of Italy, was monitored for 6 years (2006–2011) analyzing chlorine dioxide, chlorite, and chlorate concentrations. The software Epanet 2.0 (USEPA) was applied to the distribution system. The mixing zone of the water coming from the two drinking water treatment plants, respectively located to the west and east of the city, was estimated using the software. Propagation of chlorine dioxide, chlorite, and chlorate was simulated with the software. Measured and simulated results were compared. The results of the distribution system monitoring showed a high chlorine dioxide consumption, since residual chlorine concentration was always below 0.12 mg L−1. Chlorite concentration was over 700 μg L−1 for 12–16% of results in the first 2 years, for 48% of results in 2008, and for 1–8% of results from 2009 to 2011. In particular, chlorite exceeded 700 μg L−1 at points of the network more distant from the treatment plants. Conversely, chlorate concentration was always below 200 μg L−1. The mixing zone of the water in the distribution system was determined, and the comparison between measured and simulated concentrations showed the usefulness of the model for predicting disinfectant and by-product propagation in the distribution system.
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15 December 2016
This article was originally published in
Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua
Article Contents
Research Article|
October 19 2016
Modeling and analysis of chlorine dioxide, chlorite, and chlorate propagation in a drinking water distribution system
Sabrina Sorlini;
1Department of Civil Engineering, Architecture, Land, Environment and of Mathematics, University of Brescia, via Branze 43, Brescia 25123, Italy
E-mail: [email protected]
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Michela Biasibetti;
Michela Biasibetti
1Department of Civil Engineering, Architecture, Land, Environment and of Mathematics, University of Brescia, via Branze 43, Brescia 25123, Italy
2Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata, 1, Pavia 27100, Italy
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Francesca Gialdini;
Francesca Gialdini
1Department of Civil Engineering, Architecture, Land, Environment and of Mathematics, University of Brescia, via Branze 43, Brescia 25123, Italy
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Alessandro Muraca
Alessandro Muraca
1Department of Civil Engineering, Architecture, Land, Environment and of Mathematics, University of Brescia, via Branze 43, Brescia 25123, Italy
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Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua (2016) 65 (8): 597–611.
Article history
Received:
January 20 2016
Accepted:
August 10 2016
Citation
Sabrina Sorlini, Michela Biasibetti, Francesca Gialdini, Alessandro Muraca; Modeling and analysis of chlorine dioxide, chlorite, and chlorate propagation in a drinking water distribution system. Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 15 December 2016; 65 (8): 597–611. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2016.003
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