With increasing interest in the implementation/functionality of a contaminant warning system for water distribution systems, questions exist over the application to a real distribution system. A methodology is described to assess the impacts of changes in the numbers of sensors, on the time delay required to detect a contaminant intrusion event and to maximize sensor detection redundancy as protection against false positives. The methodology is used to explore the point of diminishing marginal return of detection likelihood, and the average time delay of detected intrusion events. Pareto front performance improvement with increasing numbers of sensors (from 2 through 50) is characterized through a case study application to the City of Guelph water distribution system (WDS). The results provide a methodology for utilities to employ for decisions on the number of sensors to use for a system. Within the two scenarios applied, five and four sensors are shown to be the point of diminishing marginal return for Guelph WDS in terms of the Pareto front performance improvement, detection likelihood, and the average time delay for the case study. Nevertheless, given that the timeframe to detect a contamination event may be lengthy, placing more sensors than the point of diminishing marginal return may be appropriate.
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Research Article|
August 01 2011
Diminishing marginal returns for sensor networks in a water distribution system
Hailiang Shen
;
1
School of Engineering, University of Guelph, ON. N1G2W1, CA, Canada
E-mail: shenh@uoguelph.ca
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Edward McBean
Edward McBean
1
School of Engineering, University of Guelph, ON. N1G2W1, CA, Canada
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Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua (2011) 60 (5): 286-293.
Article history
Received:
June 21 2010
Accepted:
March 19 2011
Citation
Hailiang Shen, Edward McBean; Diminishing marginal returns for sensor networks in a water distribution system. Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 1 August 2011; 60 (5): 286–293. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2011.031
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Hailiang Shen, Edward McBean; Diminishing marginal returns for sensor networks in a water distribution system. Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 1 August 2011; 60 (5): 286–293. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2011.031
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