Optimizing the operation of series and parallel reservoirs using the neutrosophic environment: A case study of the Karun watershed

In this article, neutrosophic inference is used for the first time as a new fuzzy set theory generalization to improve the operation of series and parallel dam reservoirs. A case study was conducted on the problem of parallel and series use of multiple and multipurpose reservoirs in the dams of the Karun watershed (Iran). The problem of optimizing the operations of dam reservoirs with the objective function of minimizing the shortages and maximizing hydropower production is modeled and solved using training data. The optimization results are applied to model the problem in the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The behavior of the system in the neutrosophic environment is inferred by ANFIS. Finally, the conventional operation method and the ANFIS method were compared with neutrosophic inference by fuzzy performance criteria. The results indicate that the proposed neutrosophic inference model has a high capacity to infer the behavior of the dam reservoir system. With a higher sustainability index due to increased fuzzy reliability, fuzzy resilience indices, and reduced fuzzy vulnerability index, the proposed model has improved the objective function by 80 and 40% in the training data and 67 and 36% in the test data in comparison to the operation rule curve and ANFIS.

• Neutrosophic is a new theory that defines indeterminacy differently.

• The proposed neutrosophic model has high capability to infer the behavior of complex operating systems in series and parallel reservoirs, and has led to improved system performance compared to conventional methods.

• Neutrosophic can be a reliable method for extracting rule curves and water resource management problems.