Metrology in Urban Drainage and Stormwater Management: Plug and Pray
This book presents the advancements made in applied metrology in the field of Urban Drainage and Storm water Management over the past two decades in scientific research as well as in practical applications. Given the broadness of this subject (measuring principles, uncertainty in data, data validation, data storage and communication, design, maintenance and management of monitoring networks, technical details of sensor technology), the focus is on water quantity and a sound metrological basis. The book offers common ground for academics and practitioners when setting up monitoring projects in urban drainage and storm water management. This will enable an easier exchange of results so as to allow for a faster scientific progress in the field. A second, but equally important goal, is to allow practitioners access to scientific developments and gained experience when it comes to monitoring urban drainage and storm water systems. In-depth descriptions of international case studies covering all aspects discussed in the book are presented, along with self-training exercises and codes available for readers on a companion website.
Numerous detailed examples are given in the book, with corresponding open-source codes and training files available to download here.
ISBN: 9781789060102 (Paperback)
ISBN: 9781789060119 (eBook)
Chapter 3: Water level and discharge measurements
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Published:August 2021
Frédérique Larrarte, Mathieu Lepot, Francois H. L. R. Clemens-Meyer, Jean-Luc Bertrand-Krajewski, Damjan Ivetić, Dusan Prodanović, Bram Stegeman, 2021. "Water level and discharge measurements", Metrology in Urban Drainage and Stormwater Management: Plug and Pray, Jean-Luc Bertrand-Krajewski, Francois Clemens-Meyer, Mathieu Lepot
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Abstract
The knowledge of water levels and discharges in urban drainage and stormwater management (UDSM) systems is of key importance to understand their functioning and processes, to evaluate their performance, and to provide data for modelling. In this chapter, devoted mainly to underground combined and separate sewer pipe systems, various methods and technologies are described and discussed. After an introduction to important aspects to deal with when measuring discharges in sewer systems, the following parts are presented successively: (i) measurement of water level with rulers, and pressure, ultrasonic and radar sensors, (ii) measurement of flow velocity with ultrasonic, Doppler, velocity profiler, free surface, and electromagnetic sensors, (iii) direct measurement of discharge with pre-calibrated devices, physical scale models, computational fluid dynamics modelling and use of pumping stations, and (iv) detection and/or measurement of infiltration into and exfiltration from sewers, with flow or pressure measurements, tracer experiments, distributed temperature sensing and geophysical methods.