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Cold and dilute wastewater is a major challenge for N-removal at wastewater treatment plants. The moving-bed biofilm reactor process in combination with chemical coagulation/precipitation has proven suitable for nutrient removal under these conditions. Several full-scale plants based on combined pre- and post-denitrification for nitrogen removal and chemical coagulation/precipitation for phosphorous removal have been in operation for more than 20 years. These plants are still performing well, even at above design loads and at low temperatures (<10°C). The success of this process configuration can largely be attributed to its flexibility of operation and control. In this paper the key instrumentation, control and automation elements are discussed and recommendations regarding process choice, reactor configuration and design are given.

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