Technological Solutions for Water Sustainability: Challenges and Prospects: Towards a Water-secure India
This book provides an overview of technical sustainable water management in the Global South, mainly in India, and is structured in five sections:
The current status and challenges for sustainable water management in India
New-age materials for water and wastewater treatment
New technologies for water and wastewater treatment
Sensors for water quality monitoring
Urban water management
Section 1 provides the latest information about the status and challenges for sustainable water management in India from the perspective of water quality, industrial and domestic wastewater treatment, urban water infrastructure and policy and governance towards water security. Section 2 discusses new framework solids for water purification, new materials for arsenic and fluoride removal, nanocomposites for water and wastewater treatment and removal of hazardous materials, and toxicity of these materials. Section 3 presents the new technologies developed for water and wastewater treatment; dealing with pulsed power technology, constructed wetlands, nutrient recovery, low-cost filters and pollution abatement using waste derived materials. Section 4 focuses on sensors, including the development of low-cost colorimetric sensors for eutrophying ions, sensors for conductivity and flow parameters, and multi-analyte assessment for water quality. Finally, Section 5 addresses the issues related to urban water infrastructure, sustainable urban drainage and integrated flood and water scarcity management.
This section also discusses virtual water.
The unique feature of this edited volume is its special perspective on emerging economies in the Global South, such as India. It provides information about adaption of technologies, development of new technologies, and management practices which are context driven and region specific. It also deals with economical and easy to use sensors for large-scale monitoring of water quality and water quantity parameters.
ISBN: 9781789063707 (paperback)
ISBN: 9781789063714 (eBook)
Chapter 19: Conductivity sensors for water quality monitoring: a brief review
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Published:November 2023
K. K. Tejaswini, B. George, S. C. Mukhopadhyay, V. J. Kumar, 2023. "Conductivity sensors for water quality monitoring: a brief review", Technological Solutions for Water Sustainability: Challenges and Prospects: Towards a Water-secure India, Ligy Philip, Thalappil Pradeep, S. Murty Bhallamudi
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Conductivity of water is one of the important parameters that can, to some extent, reveal the quality of water. As water quality changes, the ability of water to pass current through it changes. This makes the conductivity measurement important. Some of the conductivity sensors are designed to use for flow-through applications while some others are immersion types. Conductivity can be measured using specially designed sensors or probes; some of those need direct contact with water. There are also sensors with no such restriction. Sensors that need direct contact with water suffer due to contamination of the measurement electrodes. Accuracy of the measurement is affected by the electrode contamination, undefined current path, noise, and non-idealities of the measurement electronics employed. There are non-contact-type conductivity sensors based on inductive techniques and capacitively coupled techniques. They have no electrode contamination problem. Undefined current path in water is a limitation for the inductive-type probe and complexity level of the capacitively coupled sensor is relatively high. To select or design a certain type of conductivity sensor, it will be advantageous if the associated details are available in a concise manner. This chapter presents an overview about the existing conductivity sensors for water. It is focussed on latest developments and a performance comparison is presented by listing the limiting factors. The chapter concludes with a discussion of future opportunities in this field.