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*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Globally, the rapidly increasing human population causes significant environmental changes such as contamination of soil, water and air. Urbanization and industrialization contribute to anthropogenic pollution, which harms ecological stability and climate change. Pollutants enter water bodies through a variety of point and non-point sources, with wastewater discharge being a major one. The existing conventional wastewater treatment methods are costly; therefore, a sustainable alternative approach to treatment costs must be obtained. Microalgae have recently been identified as a potentially cost-effective method of pollutant remediation via the mechanisms of bioaccumulation, biosorption and intracellular degradation. As a result, microalgae-based water treatment (MBWT) can be used to help with environmental resource recovery and sustainable development efforts. Photobioreactors (PBRs) play an important role in these processes because microalgae are photosynthetic organisms that are important for producing the desirable and environmentally benign products. Microalgae biomass derived from MBWT is advantageous as a potential feedstock material for a variety of industrial applications such as biofuels, bio-fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, natural colorants and so on. This review primarily focused on how microalgae are grown in open and closed PBRs. It sought to shed light on the key parameters that influence PBR performance, including irradiance, mixing, pH, temperature, nutrients, mass transfer and capital-operating costs. Along with that, a discussion on wastewater microalgae related to cultivation condition and microalgal growth, wastewater species types and properties was presented.

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