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Fossil fuels currently yield 88% of the globe's power, and energy consumption is rising dramatically. Using limited resources as an energy generator for an extended length of time is risky because of their finite quantity and non-renewable character. Because bioenergy is more affordable than fossil fuels, it will become the main sustainable energy source in the ensuing decades. The availability of affordable biofuel and a variety of beneficial biofuels that have the ability to produce heat, steam, electricity, and gas, as well as power for transportation, are essential for the growth of bioenergy. The bioenergy formation procedure can be carried out on a range of scales and can employ various materials, comprising different plant parts, bacteria, fungi, manure, algae, or other biomass of lignocellulose origin. This opens the door for the manufacture of biofuel on a worldwide scale. This chapter will discuss major microbial groups, such as cyanobacteria, microalgae bacteria, and fungi, and their roles in the synthesis of bioenergy.

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