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Given the decline of fossil fuels and growing concern over environmental pollution, sustainable bioenergy has emerged as a promising avenue for future energy development. The production of bioenergy from various waste materials offers a promising and sustainable solution to meet future energy goals. It helps reduce waste and minimize environmental impact. This chapter explores the sustainable routes for producing biofuels such as biodiesel, biomethane, and bioethanol from biomass. The focus is on the key conversion technologies and processes involved in these production methods. It is seen that different methods are used for producing biodiesel and biomethane, including both conventional and advanced technologies, whereas bioethanol is primarily produced through fermentation and distillation processes. Applications of these biofuels are also discussed in this chapter, including their potential use in transportation, power generation, and other sectors. This chapter critically analyses these production methods to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current state and prospects of bioenergy production.

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