... and ECs. This chapter describes how nature-based systems for wastewater treatment, such as constructed wetlands (CWs), can be used as the solution for sustainably and economically removing pollutants from water systems. These systems utilize natural agents such as plants, soil, microorganisms, and solar...

... to environmental standards particularly with regard to the quality of the treated effluents that are discharged into nature. Centralized sewage and wastewater treatment systems are often too expensive and sophisticated to serve only a section of big cities, while the smaller towns and low-income areas get...

... was discouraged because of the non-availability of skilled labour for pipe laying and jointing. Nature-based solutions for wastewater treatments in rural and peri-urban areas are suggested because not only are they economically viable but they can also be implemented by local contractors. 280 Technological...

... Carbon is a unique and exciting material with extensive use in various fields of science and engineering. Purification of water and wastewater is one of the earliest applications of carbon, which has now become an integral part of most household- and community-based water treatment units...

..., 2021). In addition, the anisotropic nature of carbonaceous materials makes them easily regenerable in case of deactivation or contamination, which is absent in the case of metalbased catalysts. 16.5.4 Electrochemical catalyst In the past few years, electrochemistry-based water and wastewater treatment...

... and wastewater is an early application of carbon, and now it has become an integral part of most household and community-based water treatment units. The chapter 122 Technological Solutions for Water Sustainability on Carbon-based filters for water and wastewater treatment provides a review of the evolution...

... optical, magnetic, and conductivity properties by incorporating a comprehensive variety of nanofillers such as graphene-based, metal-oxides, and organic molecules. This chapter outlines the synthesis of BPNCs and their applications in water and wastewater treatment, emphasizing our research findings...

... from water. Section 2 New-Age Material for Water and Wastewater Treatment INTRODUCTION Water sources are getting contaminated with a multitude of pollutants due to natural and anthropogenic activities. Apart from the conventional pollutants, many emerging contaminants are also being detected...

... for the efficient and rapid degradation of a wide range of emerging water pollutants, including dyes, pesticides, toxic solvents, and pharmaceuticals, and for the disinfection of water and wastewater. Plasma-based water treatment utilizes electrical discharge plasmas formed in contact with or in the vicinity...

... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Contents xi Chapter 14 Carbon-based filters for water and wastewater treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155...

... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix Chapter 1 Microbes and wastewater treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 L. Dharani, R. Umapriya...

... wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) alone (Williams et al., 2015). Therefore, nutrient recovery is gaining increased attention due to both economic and environmental gains, such as improved treatment, reduced carbon footprints and the development of new natural capital in a safe manner. It also improves water...

..., the urban WS networks were largely completed. The state subsidy during 1970s primarily concerned improvements to protect surface and groundwater and the expansion of wastewater treatment plants targeted phosphorus reduction. Economies of scale lead many municipalities to connect sewage from areas...

... effluent are carried by a small-bore system, laid within the storm drainage system, to a constructed wetland for nature-based treatment. The treated wastewater is then used for agriculture purpose. Simultaneously, a municipal solid waste management system is put in place in order to protect the water...

... Wastewater reclamation is the process of treating or processing wastewater to make it reusable, while wastewater reuse refers to the use of wastewater for various beneficial purposes. Water reuse is based on three principles: (1) providing reliable treatment of wastewater to meet strict water quality...

... the removal of hazardous materials. Carbon-based nanocomposites (CBNC) play a vital role in water treatment and environmental remediation due to their higher adsorption capacity, improved permeation, porous nature, and selectivity towards pollutants. This book chapter discusses the effective employment...

... water, urban wastewater treatment (UWWT) and water reuse. Multibarrier solutions, grounded on current barriers’ improvement, prioritizing low-energy, physical barriers (to minimize byproducts, resources’ use, and carbon footprint) and producing fit-for-purpose water(s) are needed. Activated carbon(AC...