Contamination of drinking water by microorganisms and arsenic represents a major human health hazard in many parts of the world. An estimated 3.4 million deaths a year are attributable to waterborne diseases. Arsenic poisoning from contaminated water sources is causing a major health emergency in some countries such as Bangladesh where 35 to 77 million people are at risk.The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently recognized point-of-use water treatment as an effective means of reducing illness in developing country households. A new point-of-use water treatment system that is based on flocculation, sedimentation and disinfection was evaluated for the removal of bacterial, viral and parasitic pathogens as well as arsenic from drinking water to estimate its potential for use in developing countries.Tests were conducted with United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-model and field- sample waters from developing countries. Samples were seeded with known numbers of organisms, treated with the combined flocculation/disinfection product, and assayed for survivors using standard assay techniques appropriate for the organism.Results indicated that this treatment system reduced the levels from 108/l to undetectable (<1) of 14 types of representative waterborne bacterial pathogens including Salmonella typhi and Vibrio cholerae. No Escherichia coli were detected post-treatment in 320 field water samples collected from five developing countries. In addition, the water treatment system reduced polio and rotavirus titres by greater than 4-log values. Cyrptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia inocula were reduced by greater than 3-log values following use of this water treatment system. Arsenic, added to laboratory test waters, was reduced by 99.8%, and naturally occurring arsenic in field samples from highly contaminated Bangladeshi wells was reduced by 99.5% to mean levels of 1.2 µg/l.This water treatment system has demonstrated the potential to provide improved drinking water to households in developing countries by removing microbial and arsenic contaminants.
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Research Article|
June 01 2003
Evaluation of a new water treatment for point-of-use household applications to remove microorganisms and arsenic from drinking water
Philip F. Souter;
Philip F. Souter
1Procter & Gamble Health Sciences Institute, PO Forest Hall No. 2, Whitley Road, Longbenton, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE12 9TS, UK
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Graeme D. Cruickshank;
Graeme D. Cruickshank
1Procter & Gamble Health Sciences Institute, PO Forest Hall No. 2, Whitley Road, Longbenton, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE12 9TS, UK
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Melanie Z. Tankerville;
Melanie Z. Tankerville
1Procter & Gamble Health Sciences Institute, PO Forest Hall No. 2, Whitley Road, Longbenton, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE12 9TS, UK
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Bruce H. Keswick;
2The Procter & Gamble Health Sciences Institute, 8700 Mason-Montgomery Rd, Mason, OH 45440, USA
Tel: +1 513-622-4333 Fax: +1 513 622-4226; E-mail: [email protected]
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Brian D. Ellis;
Brian D. Ellis
3Microbiology Department, The Freeman Hospital, High Heaton, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE7 7DN, UK
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Don E. Langworthy;
Don E. Langworthy
3Microbiology Department, The Freeman Hospital, High Heaton, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE7 7DN, UK
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Kathy A. Metz;
Kathy A. Metz
3Microbiology Department, The Freeman Hospital, High Heaton, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE7 7DN, UK
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Martin R. Appleby;
Martin R. Appleby
3Microbiology Department, The Freeman Hospital, High Heaton, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE7 7DN, UK
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Nicola Hamilton;
Nicola Hamilton
3Microbiology Department, The Freeman Hospital, High Heaton, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE7 7DN, UK
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Amanda L. Jones;
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Amanda L. Jones
3Microbiology Department, The Freeman Hospital, High Heaton, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE7 7DN, UK
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John D. Perry
John D. Perry
3Microbiology Department, The Freeman Hospital, High Heaton, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE7 7DN, UK
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J Water Health (2003) 1 (2): 73–84.
Citation
Philip F. Souter, Graeme D. Cruickshank, Melanie Z. Tankerville, Bruce H. Keswick, Brian D. Ellis, Don E. Langworthy, Kathy A. Metz, Martin R. Appleby, Nicola Hamilton, Amanda L. Jones, John D. Perry; Evaluation of a new water treatment for point-of-use household applications to remove microorganisms and arsenic from drinking water. J Water Health 1 June 2003; 1 (2): 73–84. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2003.0009
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