The distributions and effects of 31 selected endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in two drinking water factories were analyzed in this study. The distributions of EDCs were analyzed by solid phase extraction (SPE) combined with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The concentrations of these EDCs were from lower than the LOD (limit of detection) to 23.13 ng L − 1 in the samples; most of them were lower than 1 ng L − 1. The highest concentration (23.13 ± 1.45 ng L − 1) was detected in the raw water. Twenty-six chemicals were found in the raw water and only five in the finished water of drinking water factory A, while 25 chemicals were detected in the raw water and two in the finished water of drinking water factory B. The results indicate that most of the EDCs can be removed by the water treatment process. In the advanced treatment process, the ozonation processes have the highest removal efficiency. Separate analyses in May and September show similar results. Apart from the chemical analysis, yeast strain transformed when the estrogen receptor α (ERα) gene was employed to test the estrogenic effects of the water samples. Due to the low concentrations of these EDCs, no significant estrogenic effects were found from the samples.
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Research Article|
November 07 2012
The distributions, removals and estrogenic effects of selected endocrine disrupting chemicals in two drinking water factories in China Free
Hong-Chang Zhang;
Hong-Chang Zhang
1Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, No. 1239, Siping Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200092, China
2Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, No. 508, Qinzhou Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200233, China
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Ting Xu;
Ting Xu
1Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, No. 1239, Siping Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200092, China
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Xia-lin Hu;
Xia-lin Hu
1Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, No. 1239, Siping Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200092, China
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Wei-hai Pang;
Wei-hai Pang
3State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, No. 1239, Siping Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200092, China
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Da-Qiang Yin
1Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, No. 1239, Siping Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200092, China
3State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, No. 1239, Siping Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200092, China
E-mail: [email protected]
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J Water Health (2013) 11 (1): 41–50.
Article history
Received:
July 24 2012
Accepted:
October 14 2012
Citation
Hong-Chang Zhang, Ting Xu, Xia-lin Hu, Wei-hai Pang, Da-Qiang Yin; The distributions, removals and estrogenic effects of selected endocrine disrupting chemicals in two drinking water factories in China. J Water Health 1 March 2013; 11 (1): 41–50. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2012.121
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