Treated wastewater represents a significant potential source of reclaimed water for some beneficial reuses. However, public concern over the risks/health-related hazards of wastewater reuse has limited the general acceptability of reuse systems in many countries. It is important to manage the operation of recycled water systems in such a way that it will not adversely affect public health and the environment. Management of recycled water involves process control and compliance monitoring. This paper presents proposed unit process monitoring guidelines to classify the performances of treatment units according to the pollutant removal efficiencies and frequency of sampling to test for effluent quality suitable for reuse. The paper also highlights the procedure for proper inspection of treatment facilities to ensure optimum performances. It proposes minimum quality requirements for different reuse activities in South Africa such as domestic (toilet flushing, watering private gardens), irrigation (crops, landscape, public parks and golf courses, cemeteries), industrial (system cooling and process water) and other activities (construction works, street cleaning, fire protection, groundwater recharge). By employing the wastewater treatment monitoring and sampling procedures proposed in this paper, health-related hazards can be minimized while public confidence in reuse schemes will be enhanced.
Article navigation
Research Article|
December 01 2012
Minimizing risks in wastewater reuse: proposed operational principles and guidelines for South Africa
J. R. Adewumi
;
1
Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria2
School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
Search for other works by this author on:
A. A. Ilemobade
;
A. A. Ilemobade
2
School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
Search for other works by this author on:
J. E. van Zyl
J. E. van Zyl
3
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, South Africa
Search for other works by this author on:
Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination (2012) 2 (4): 227-238.
Article history
Received:
March 10 2012
Accepted:
May 24 2012
Citation
J. R. Adewumi, A. A. Ilemobade, J. E. van Zyl; Minimizing risks in wastewater reuse: proposed operational principles and guidelines for South Africa. Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 1 December 2012; 2 (4): 227–238. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2012.038
Download citation file:
Close
Citation
J. R. Adewumi, A. A. Ilemobade, J. E. van Zyl; Minimizing risks in wastewater reuse: proposed operational principles and guidelines for South Africa. Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 1 December 2012; 2 (4): 227–238. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2012.038
Download citation file:
Close
47
Views
0
Citations