The City of Pembroke Pines is embarking on an alternative water supply (AWS) project that includes the potential of using treated wastewater for aquifer recharge. The concept includes the use of reverse osmosis membranes, ultraviolet disinfection and advanced oxidation processes downstream of activated sludge and microfiltration. One of the problems is that the permeate leaves the process grossly under-saturated, because with respect to minerals, virtually everything in the water is removed by the reverse osmosis membranes. The practical natural minimum hardness level for water is 40 mg L−1 as CaCO3, while the permeate water was <7 mg L−1. As a result, a post-treatment system needed to be designed to restore minerals to the water to achieve stability so the water does not dissolve metals, other piping and treatment tank materials. Traditionally reverse osmosis plants for potable water systems use caustic soda, polyphosphates, orthophosphates and other chemicals to address the stability issue. These are costly and for an aquifer recharge project, the costs seemed high. For this project, the research focused on alternative solutions to restore hardness, alkalinity and pH using lime, limestone and kiln dust. All three resolved the pH and stability issues for the pilot process.
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Research Article|
February 27 2013
Use of lime, limestone and kiln dust to stabilize reverse osmosis treated water
Frederick Bloetscher;
Frederick Bloetscher
1Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Building 36, 219, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
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David Stambaugh;
David Stambaugh
2Calvin, Giordano and Associates, 1800 Eller Drive, Suite 600, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33316, USA
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James Hart;
James Hart
2Calvin, Giordano and Associates, 1800 Eller Drive, Suite 600, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33316, USA
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Jon Cooper;
Jon Cooper
2Calvin, Giordano and Associates, 1800 Eller Drive, Suite 600, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33316, USA
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Karl Kennedy;
Karl Kennedy
2Calvin, Giordano and Associates, 1800 Eller Drive, Suite 600, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33316, USA
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Lauren Sher;
Lauren Sher
2Calvin, Giordano and Associates, 1800 Eller Drive, Suite 600, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33316, USA
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Anthony P. Ruffini;
Anthony P. Ruffini
1Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Building 36, 219, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
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Augustus Cicala;
Augustus Cicala
1Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Building 36, 219, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
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Samantha Cimenello
1Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Building 36, 219, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
E-mail: h2o_man@bellsouth.net
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Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination (2013) 3 (3): 277–290.
Article history
Received:
November 11 2012
Accepted:
December 11 2012
Citation
Frederick Bloetscher, David Stambaugh, James Hart, Jon Cooper, Karl Kennedy, Lauren Sher, Anthony P. Ruffini, Augustus Cicala, Samantha Cimenello; Use of lime, limestone and kiln dust to stabilize reverse osmosis treated water. Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 1 September 2013; 3 (3): 277–290. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2013.093
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Impact Factor 3.050
CiteScore 5.0 • Q1
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