As indicated above, most of the streamflow originates from the snow melt, glacier melt, and orographic rainfall in the mountainous areas around the TRB. To effectively estimate the surface water fluxes over the irrigated area, the discharge data from 1961 to 2007 observed at the five hydrometric gauges monitored by the Xinjiang TRB Management Bureau were selected as part of the routing model inputs. The hydrometric gauges are located upstream of the reservoir system and the irrigated area (Figure 1). In addition, information on a series of major reservoirs operated by a local agency is collected to parameterize the reservoir module, which is included in the routing model. Detailed information on the hydrometric gauges and reservoirs is listed in Tables 1 and 2.
Detailed information on the observing hydrometric gauges in the headstreams of the Tarim River Basin
| Water system . | Hydrometric gauges . | Drainage area (km2) . | Latitude . | Longitude . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aksu River | Xiehela | 12,816 | 41° 34′ N | 79° 37′ E |
| Shaliguilanke | 17,898 | 40° 57′ N | 78° 36′ E | |
| Hotan River | Tongguziluoke | 14,575 | 36° 49′ N | 79° 55′ E |
| Wuluwati | 15,557 | 36° 57′ N | 79° 41′ E | |
| Yarkant River | Kaqun | 48,100 | 37° 59′ N | 76° 54′ E |
| Water system . | Hydrometric gauges . | Drainage area (km2) . | Latitude . | Longitude . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aksu River | Xiehela | 12,816 | 41° 34′ N | 79° 37′ E |
| Shaliguilanke | 17,898 | 40° 57′ N | 78° 36′ E | |
| Hotan River | Tongguziluoke | 14,575 | 36° 49′ N | 79° 55′ E |
| Wuluwati | 15,557 | 36° 57′ N | 79° 41′ E | |
| Yarkant River | Kaqun | 48,100 | 37° 59′ N | 76° 54′ E |
Detailed information on major reservoirs in the Tarim River Basin
| Reservoir . | Year of construction . | Height of dam (m) . | Storage of reservoir (106m3) . | Surface area (km2) . | Latitude . | Longitude . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shengli | 1970 | 5 | 108 | 51.6 | 40° 15′ N | 80° 45′ E |
| Shangyou | 1961 | 5 | 180 | 136.5 | 40° 15′ N | 80° 45′ E |
| Duolang | 1965 | 5 | 128 | 48.0 | 40° 45′ N | 80° 45′ E |
| Xiaohaizi | 1960 | 16 | 872 | 145.0 | 39° 45′ N | 78° 45′ E |
| Sukuqiake | 1985 | 5 | 281 | 133.6 | 38° 45′ N | 77° 15′ E |
| Yiganqi | 1956 | 6 | 166 | 47.2 | 38° 15′ N | 77° 15′ E |
| Qianjin | 1969 | 6 | 127 | 45.0 | 38° 45′ N | 77° 15′ E |
| Wuluwati | 2001 | 132 | 347 | 13.0 | 37° 15′ N | 79° 45′ E |
| Reservoir . | Year of construction . | Height of dam (m) . | Storage of reservoir (106m3) . | Surface area (km2) . | Latitude . | Longitude . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shengli | 1970 | 5 | 108 | 51.6 | 40° 15′ N | 80° 45′ E |
| Shangyou | 1961 | 5 | 180 | 136.5 | 40° 15′ N | 80° 45′ E |
| Duolang | 1965 | 5 | 128 | 48.0 | 40° 45′ N | 80° 45′ E |
| Xiaohaizi | 1960 | 16 | 872 | 145.0 | 39° 45′ N | 78° 45′ E |
| Sukuqiake | 1985 | 5 | 281 | 133.6 | 38° 45′ N | 77° 15′ E |
| Yiganqi | 1956 | 6 | 166 | 47.2 | 38° 15′ N | 77° 15′ E |
| Qianjin | 1969 | 6 | 127 | 45.0 | 38° 45′ N | 77° 15′ E |
| Wuluwati | 2001 | 132 | 347 | 13.0 | 37° 15′ N | 79° 45′ E |