As was the case with water supply, access to sanitation facilities by urban households was found to be significantly related with wealth group (P-value <0.001; see Table 2). Access to improved latrines was highest among the richest urban families. In this group, 70% of households had access to improved latrines. Access was lowest among poor families under the poverty line. Only 44% of households in this group had access to improved latrines. The poorest households are also more likely to have unimproved latrines. Open defecation was practised by households within each group, but was most common with the poorest group. Although slightly more male-headed households reported access to improved sanitation facilities, the relationship between gender of the household head and sanitation access was not statistically significant for the total urban sample. There was also no significant relationship between disability and type of sanitation access.

Table 2

Proportion of households in each wealth group according to sanitation access

 Richest (above min. wage)MiddlePoorest (below poverty line)
Improved 0.70 0.53 0.44 
Unimproved 0.16 0.26 0.32 
Shared 0.03 0.06 0.07 
Open defecation 0.10 0.14 0.16 
 Richest (above min. wage)MiddlePoorest (below poverty line)
Improved 0.70 0.53 0.44 
Unimproved 0.16 0.26 0.32 
Shared 0.03 0.06 0.07 
Open defecation 0.10 0.14 0.16 

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