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The average validation and extrapolation error statistics of the combined GPM framework are given in Table 7. Similar to ANN, the performance of GPM in the extrapolation also turns out to be quite satisfactory. Both the surrogates show comparable performance as captured by the performance metrics. They both have very low values of NRMSE, NQ95, and NMBE, and very high values of NSE, R, and threshold statistics. Performance of GPM is relatively better, particularly in the extrapolation range.

Table 7

Average validation and extrapolation error statistics of the combined GPMs

 NRMSENQ95NSERNMBETS25TS100
Validation 0.0136 0.0244 0.9865 0.9969 −0.1254 74.18 90.19 
Extrapolation 0.0064 0.0110 0.9977 0.9993 −0.3288 79.31 90.78 
 NRMSENQ95NSERNMBETS25TS100
Validation 0.0136 0.0244 0.9865 0.9969 −0.1254 74.18 90.19 
Extrapolation 0.0064 0.0110 0.9977 0.9993 −0.3288 79.31 90.78 

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