In Table 2, actual values of the sub-criteria for different WWTPs are presented. In order to calculate the weights of each sub-criterion, the normalized weights of 17 sub-criteria are calculated using pairwise comparison through the AHP method. The weight of each criterion (i.e., 4Rs) is then calculated as the summation of all the corresponding sub-criteria weights. These weights are normalized so that the summation of the weights for the 4Rs criteria would be 1. In Table 3, the weights (relative importance) of sub-criteria and criteria are presented. These weights are obtained by post-processing the weights assigned to the factors by the experts.

Table 2

Actual values of sub-criteria for WWTP facilities

WWTP1. Bowery Bay2. Hunts Point3. Tallman Island4. Wards Island5. Newtown Creek6. North River7. Oakwood Beach8. Port Richmond9. Red Hook10. 26th Ward11. Coney Island12. Jamaica13. Owls Head14. Rockaway
Sub-criteria 
 Hurricane flood elevation (Ra1) (ft) 11.6 10.2 10.1 10.7 10 9.7 13.1 12.1 11.7 12.6 10.1 0 13.5 11.4 
 Adverse environmental impacts (Ra2) (-) 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 
 Plant capacity (Ra3) (MGD) 150 200 80 275 310 170 39.9 60 60 85 110 100 120 45 
 Post-stress recovery (Ra4) (hour) 0 30 3 0 13 14 167 17 0 30 112 0 16 180 
 Number of residents served (Ra5) (#) 848,328 684,569 410,812 1,061,558 1,068,012 588,772 244,918 198,128 192,050 283,428 596,326 728,123 758,007 90,474 
 Additional load in flood time (Ro1) (MGD) 150 200 40 275 390 170 80 60 60 85 110 100 120 45 
 Critical flood elevation (Ro2) (ft) 15.5 17.5 15.5 17.5 13.5 12.5 16.5 14.5 14.5 13.5 15.5 13.5 14.5 14.5 
 Minimum inundation depth (Ro3) (ft) 5 7 7 6 4 6 5 4 6 5 3 0 4 7 
 Percent of not-at-risk equipment (Ro4) (%) 0.64 0.45 0.66 0.98 0.92 0.66 0.85 0.55 0.72 0.78 0.73 0.99 0.71 0.62 
 DMR violations (Ro5) (%) 0 0.2 1.6 1.4 0.9 0.3 2 1.9 0 1.1 2.1 0.9 1.4 1.9 
 Damage cost from the most severe historical hurricane (Ro6) ($) 112.6 201.36 45.18 8.73 28.79 94.1 20.97 54.85 67.38 82.42 84.95 1.7 48.41 49.28 
 Number of plant technical staff (Rs1) (#) 81 108 71 118 88 109 59 46 55 93 69 66 68 41 
 Availability of dewatering facilities (Rs2) (-) 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 
 Total risk avoided for every single dollar (Rs3) ($) 1.71 10.14 2.97 27.33 1.03 25.99 8.3 5.8 1.34 9.71 22.59 2.19 13.78 13.1 
 Existence of underground tunnel system (Rd1) (-) 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 
 Availability of WWTPs in the neighboring area (Rd2) (ft) 2.47 3.75 3.87 5.08 6.76 6.46 9.7 9.7 4.27 6.04 10 6.04 8.19 8.61 
 On-site storage (Rd3) (ft3) 6,415,897.6 0 2,231,592 14,445,321 0 16,254,252 1,475,604.9 9,177,280.9 4,290,165 0 0 1,588,950 2,037,387 53,459.34 
WWTP1. Bowery Bay2. Hunts Point3. Tallman Island4. Wards Island5. Newtown Creek6. North River7. Oakwood Beach8. Port Richmond9. Red Hook10. 26th Ward11. Coney Island12. Jamaica13. Owls Head14. Rockaway
Sub-criteria 
 Hurricane flood elevation (Ra1) (ft) 11.6 10.2 10.1 10.7 10 9.7 13.1 12.1 11.7 12.6 10.1 0 13.5 11.4 
 Adverse environmental impacts (Ra2) (-) 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 
 Plant capacity (Ra3) (MGD) 150 200 80 275 310 170 39.9 60 60 85 110 100 120 45 
 Post-stress recovery (Ra4) (hour) 0 30 3 0 13 14 167 17 0 30 112 0 16 180 
 Number of residents served (Ra5) (#) 848,328 684,569 410,812 1,061,558 1,068,012 588,772 244,918 198,128 192,050 283,428 596,326 728,123 758,007 90,474 
 Additional load in flood time (Ro1) (MGD) 150 200 40 275 390 170 80 60 60 85 110 100 120 45 
 Critical flood elevation (Ro2) (ft) 15.5 17.5 15.5 17.5 13.5 12.5 16.5 14.5 14.5 13.5 15.5 13.5 14.5 14.5 
 Minimum inundation depth (Ro3) (ft) 5 7 7 6 4 6 5 4 6 5 3 0 4 7 
 Percent of not-at-risk equipment (Ro4) (%) 0.64 0.45 0.66 0.98 0.92 0.66 0.85 0.55 0.72 0.78 0.73 0.99 0.71 0.62 
 DMR violations (Ro5) (%) 0 0.2 1.6 1.4 0.9 0.3 2 1.9 0 1.1 2.1 0.9 1.4 1.9 
 Damage cost from the most severe historical hurricane (Ro6) ($) 112.6 201.36 45.18 8.73 28.79 94.1 20.97 54.85 67.38 82.42 84.95 1.7 48.41 49.28 
 Number of plant technical staff (Rs1) (#) 81 108 71 118 88 109 59 46 55 93 69 66 68 41 
 Availability of dewatering facilities (Rs2) (-) 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 
 Total risk avoided for every single dollar (Rs3) ($) 1.71 10.14 2.97 27.33 1.03 25.99 8.3 5.8 1.34 9.71 22.59 2.19 13.78 13.1 
 Existence of underground tunnel system (Rd1) (-) 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 
 Availability of WWTPs in the neighboring area (Rd2) (ft) 2.47 3.75 3.87 5.08 6.76 6.46 9.7 9.7 4.27 6.04 10 6.04 8.19 8.61 
 On-site storage (Rd3) (ft3) 6,415,897.6 0 2,231,592 14,445,321 0 16,254,252 1,475,604.9 9,177,280.9 4,290,165 0 0 1,588,950 2,037,387 53,459.34 
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Table 3

Weights of criteria and sub-criteria

Rapidity (Ra)
Robustness (Ro)
Resourcefulness (Rs)
Redundancy (Rd)
WRa = 0.302WRo = 0.273WRs = 0.205WRd = 0.218
Ra1 0.083 Ro1 0.046 Rs1 0.037 Rd1 0.065 
Ra2 0.019 Ro2 0.083 Rs2 0.074 Rd2 0.046 
Ra3 0.083 Ro3 0.028 Rs3 0.028 Rd3 0.037 
Ra4 0.074 Ro4 0.037     
Ra5 0.083 Ro5 0.089     
  Ro6 0.088     
Rapidity (Ra)
Robustness (Ro)
Resourcefulness (Rs)
Redundancy (Rd)
WRa = 0.302WRo = 0.273WRs = 0.205WRd = 0.218
Ra1 0.083 Ro1 0.046 Rs1 0.037 Rd1 0.065 
Ra2 0.019 Ro2 0.083 Rs2 0.074 Rd2 0.046 
Ra3 0.083 Ro3 0.028 Rs3 0.028 Rd3 0.037 
Ra4 0.074 Ro4 0.037     
Ra5 0.083 Ro5 0.089     
  Ro6 0.088     
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