Table 2 presents comprehensive models for five distinct formulations that incorporate existing model structures as well as their extensions. The nth- and limited nth-order models can be further generalized with an assumption that the parameters n and k are adjustable. The restriction of existing approaches of n as an integer is largely relaxed by defining n instead as a real number in the generic formulations. Further generalization of the nth and limited nth models can be made as the condition of two reactants is introduced; depending upon the scope of implementation of n as a real number into different decay processes, structures of a combined ‘1 + 1’ model, a combined ‘1 + n’ model, and a combined ‘n + n’ model can be developed (see Table 2).

Table 2

Generic models for chlorine decay in water distribution systems

TitleGoverning equationParameters
nth
Limited nth
Combined ‘1 + 1’
Combined ‘1 + n’
Combined ‘n + n’
TitleGoverning equationParameters
nth
Limited nth
Combined ‘1 + 1’
Combined ‘1 + n’
Combined ‘n + n’

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