WQI is an important parameter for identifying the water quality and its sustainability for drinking purposes (Magesh et al. 2013; Kumar et al. 2015). In the present study, WQI was computed for 29 groundwater samples. First, important water quality parameters (pH, TDS, HCO32−, Cl, SO42, NO3, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, As, Cr, Mn, Pb, Ni, and U) were selected and a weight was assigned to each parameter depending upon the effect on human health. In addition, the limit values of the World Health Organization's guidelines (WHO 2008) were utilized in the calculations (Table 2). The highest weight of 5 was assigned to parameters such as TDS, NO3, and As which have the major effects on water quality for especially drinking purposes. HCO32, Ca2+, Mg2+, Pb, Ni, and U have been assigned a weight of 3 taking into consideration their importance in water quality. The relative weights (Wi) are computed for each parameter and results are given in Table 2. The WQI values have been calculated using related equations (Equations (2)–(4)) given in the Methodology section, and WQI results and water types for individual samples are presented in Table 3. WQI interpolation maps of the study area were prepared using GIS techniques and are presented in Figure 6.
Table 2

Relative weight of chemical parameters

ParametersWHO (2008) standardsWeight (wi)Relative weight (Wi)
pH 6.5–8.5 0.0727 
TDS 500 0.0909 
HCO3 500 0.0545 
Cl 250 0.0727 
SO4 250 0.0727 
NO3 50 0.0909 
Ca 300 0.0545 
Mg 30 0.0545 
Na 200 0.0364 
As 0.01 0.0909 
Cr 0.05 0.0727 
Mn 0.40 0.0727 
Pb 0.01 0.0545 
Ni 0.07 0.0545 
0.03 0.0545 
  ∑wi = 55 ∑Wi = 1 
ParametersWHO (2008) standardsWeight (wi)Relative weight (Wi)
pH 6.5–8.5 0.0727 
TDS 500 0.0909 
HCO3 500 0.0545 
Cl 250 0.0727 
SO4 250 0.0727 
NO3 50 0.0909 
Ca 300 0.0545 
Mg 30 0.0545 
Na 200 0.0364 
As 0.01 0.0909 
Cr 0.05 0.0727 
Mn 0.40 0.0727 
Pb 0.01 0.0545 
Ni 0.07 0.0545 
0.03 0.0545 
  ∑wi = 55 ∑Wi = 1 
Table 3

WQI values and water types of the samples

Sample no.WQIWater type
31.8 Excellent water 
21.7 Excellent water 
37.8 Excellent water 
39.1 Excellent water 
30.3 Excellent water 
33.3 Excellent water 
30.0 Excellent water 
37.8 Excellent water 
26.4 Excellent water 
10 26.1 Excellent water 
11 32.9 Excellent water 
12 26.3 Excellent water 
13 36.0 Excellent water 
14 28.7 Excellent water 
15 24.7 Excellent water 
16 28.3 Excellent water 
17 26.3 Excellent water 
18 26.3 Excellent water 
19 34.2 Excellent water 
20 41.1 Excellent water 
21 50.8 Good water 
22 38.7 Excellent water 
23 48.8 Excellent water 
24 54.6 Good water 
25 31.1 Excellent water 
26 32.4 Excellent water 
27 45.5 Excellent water 
28 50.9 Good water 
29 43.7 Excellent water 
Sample no.WQIWater type
31.8 Excellent water 
21.7 Excellent water 
37.8 Excellent water 
39.1 Excellent water 
30.3 Excellent water 
33.3 Excellent water 
30.0 Excellent water 
37.8 Excellent water 
26.4 Excellent water 
10 26.1 Excellent water 
11 32.9 Excellent water 
12 26.3 Excellent water 
13 36.0 Excellent water 
14 28.7 Excellent water 
15 24.7 Excellent water 
16 28.3 Excellent water 
17 26.3 Excellent water 
18 26.3 Excellent water 
19 34.2 Excellent water 
20 41.1 Excellent water 
21 50.8 Good water 
22 38.7 Excellent water 
23 48.8 Excellent water 
24 54.6 Good water 
25 31.1 Excellent water 
26 32.4 Excellent water 
27 45.5 Excellent water 
28 50.9 Good water 
29 43.7 Excellent water 
Figure 6

Spatial distribution map of the WQI.

Figure 6

Spatial distribution map of the WQI.

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