The amount of water ingested while swimming has been of interest for many years. Several investigators have made estimates about how much water might be swallowed by swimmers through a variety of techniques not utilizing empirical data related to ingestion. Table 1 summarizes such estimates that have been suggested by researchers over the last 70 years. The estimates ranged from 10 mL to 50 mL.
Historical non-empirical estimates of water ingested by swimmers during swimming activity
Source/Year . | Ingestion estimate (mL per event) . |
---|---|
Streeter (1951) | 10 |
Steiniger (1954) | 50 |
Shuval (1975) | 10 |
Borneff (1979) | 50 |
Rees (1993) | 10–15 |
WHO (2003) | 30–50 |
Steyn & Genthe (2004) | 50 |
Source/Year . | Ingestion estimate (mL per event) . |
---|---|
Streeter (1951) | 10 |
Steiniger (1954) | 50 |
Shuval (1975) | 10 |
Borneff (1979) | 50 |
Rees (1993) | 10–15 |
WHO (2003) | 30–50 |
Steyn & Genthe (2004) | 50 |