Seasonal distributions of heavy metal (Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd, Ni, Fe, Mn, Cr) concentrations in the street tap water from Agi Dağı are presented in Table 1. Correlation and regression results of heavy metals and other water quality parameters are given in Table 2 and Figures 2 and 3. The current heavy metal results are compared with the limit values of Turkish Standard-TS266 (TSE 2005), European Union (EU 1998) and World Health Organization (WHO 2011) and US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA 2012) in Table 3.
Table 1

The seasonal variations of heavy metal concentrations (mg L–1) in the street tap waters of Çan sourced in Ağı Dağı, Çanakkale, Turkey

SeasonsSampling stationCuZnFeMnNiCdCrPb
Winter Atatürk District 0.003 0.011 0.030 0.010 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 
Seramik District 0.007 0.000 0.029 0.009 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 
Karsiyaka District 0.005 0.011 0.035 0.009 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 
Fatih District 0.005 0.011 0.019 0.009 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 
Istiklal District 0.003 0.000 0.027 0.009 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 
Winter average 0.005 ± 0.002 0.007 ± 0.006 0.028 ± 0.006 0.009 ± 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 
Spring Atatürk District 0.000 0.007 0.045 0.014 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 
Seramik District 0.000 0.000 0.043 0.014 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 
Karsiyaka District 0.000 0.013 0.058 0.013 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 
Fatih District 0.000 0.007 0.045 0.012 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 
Istiklal District 0.000 0.000 0.054 0.014 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 
Spring average 0.000 0.005 ± 0.006 0.049 ± 0.007 0.013 ± 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 
Summer Atatürk District 0.000 0.001 0.027 0.010 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 
Seramik District 0.000 0.012 0.023 0.010 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 
Karsiyaka District 0.000 0.008 0.011 0.010 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 
Fatih District 0.000 0.013 0.030 0.011 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 
Istiklal District 0.010 0.014 0.034 0.010 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 
Summer average 0.002 ± 0.004 0.010 ± 0.005 0.025 ± 0.009 0.010 ± 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 
Autumn Atatürk District 0.002 0.002 0.004 0.009 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 
Seramik District 0.002 0.018 0.000 0.010 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 
Karsiyaka District 0.001 0.004 0.001 0.010 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 
Fatih District 0.000 0.009 0.005 0.010 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 
Istiklal District 0.000 0.002 0.002 0.010 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 
Autumn average 0.001 ± 0.001 0.007 ± 0.007 0.002 ± 0.002 0.010 ± 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 
  Annual average 0.002 ± 0.003 0.007 ± 0.006 0.026 ± 0.018 0.011 ± 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 
SeasonsSampling stationCuZnFeMnNiCdCrPb
Winter Atatürk District 0.003 0.011 0.030 0.010 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 
Seramik District 0.007 0.000 0.029 0.009 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 
Karsiyaka District 0.005 0.011 0.035 0.009 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 
Fatih District 0.005 0.011 0.019 0.009 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 
Istiklal District 0.003 0.000 0.027 0.009 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 
Winter average 0.005 ± 0.002 0.007 ± 0.006 0.028 ± 0.006 0.009 ± 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 
Spring Atatürk District 0.000 0.007 0.045 0.014 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 
Seramik District 0.000 0.000 0.043 0.014 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 
Karsiyaka District 0.000 0.013 0.058 0.013 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 
Fatih District 0.000 0.007 0.045 0.012 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 
Istiklal District 0.000 0.000 0.054 0.014 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 
Spring average 0.000 0.005 ± 0.006 0.049 ± 0.007 0.013 ± 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 
Summer Atatürk District 0.000 0.001 0.027 0.010 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 
Seramik District 0.000 0.012 0.023 0.010 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 
Karsiyaka District 0.000 0.008 0.011 0.010 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 
Fatih District 0.000 0.013 0.030 0.011 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 
Istiklal District 0.010 0.014 0.034 0.010 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 
Summer average 0.002 ± 0.004 0.010 ± 0.005 0.025 ± 0.009 0.010 ± 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 
Autumn Atatürk District 0.002 0.002 0.004 0.009 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 
Seramik District 0.002 0.018 0.000 0.010 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 
Karsiyaka District 0.001 0.004 0.001 0.010 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 
Fatih District 0.000 0.009 0.005 0.010 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 
Istiklal District 0.000 0.002 0.002 0.010 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 
Autumn average 0.001 ± 0.001 0.007 ± 0.007 0.002 ± 0.002 0.010 ± 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 
  Annual average 0.002 ± 0.003 0.007 ± 0.006 0.026 ± 0.018 0.011 ± 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 
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Table 2

Correlation results between heavy metals and other water quality parameters in the street tap waters of Çan sourced from Ağı Dağı, Çanakkale, Turkey

 pHTempConZnFeMnCu
pH 1 * * * * * * 
Temp 0.0877 1 * * * * * 
Con –0.0042 0.9638 1 * * * * 
Zn 0.0315 0.2681 0.2414 1 * * * 
Fe –0.4205 –0.31 –0.2683 –0.0551 1 * * 
Mn –0.6867 –0.0295 –0.022 –0.1214 0.6843 1 * 
Cu 0.4192 –0.2287 –0.2459 0.1805 0.0012 –0.4921 1 
 pHTempConZnFeMnCu
pH 1 * * * * * * 
Temp 0.0877 1 * * * * * 
Con –0.0042 0.9638 1 * * * * 
Zn 0.0315 0.2681 0.2414 1 * * * 
Fe –0.4205 –0.31 –0.2683 –0.0551 1 * * 
Mn –0.6867 –0.0295 –0.022 –0.1214 0.6843 1 * 
Cu 0.4192 –0.2287 –0.2459 0.1805 0.0012 –0.4921 1 
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Table 3

Annual average concentrations of heavy metals (mg L–1) compared with drinking water standard limit values of TS266 standard (Turkish Standard Institute), EU, WHO and US EPA

Heavy metalAnnual average (current study)TSEEUWHOEPA
Zn 0.009 5.00 – – 5.00 
Fe 0.026 0.20 0.20 – 0.30 
Mn 0.011 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 
Cu 0.006 3.00 2.00 – 1.00 
Ni 0.000 20.0 – – – 
Cd 0.000 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 
Cr 0.000 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 
Pb 0.000 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 
Heavy metalAnnual average (current study)TSEEUWHOEPA
Zn 0.009 5.00 – – 5.00 
Fe 0.026 0.20 0.20 – 0.30 
Mn 0.011 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 
Cu 0.006 3.00 2.00 – 1.00 
Ni 0.000 20.0 – – – 
Cd 0.000 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 
Cr 0.000 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 
Pb 0.000 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 
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Figure 2
Figure 2. Relationships between Mn and Fe and between Mn and Cu in the street tap waters of Çan sourced from Ağı Dağı, Çanakkale, Turkey. The coefficients of determination (R2) and the equation (y) are shown for each regression.
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Relationships between Mn and Fe and between Mn and Cu in the street tap waters of Çan sourced from Ağı Dağı, Çanakkale, Turkey. The coefficients of determination (R2) and the equation (y) are shown for each regression.

Figure 2
Figure 2. Relationships between Mn and Fe and between Mn and Cu in the street tap waters of Çan sourced from Ağı Dağı, Çanakkale, Turkey. The coefficients of determination (R2) and the equation (y) are shown for each regression.
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Relationships between Mn and Fe and between Mn and Cu in the street tap waters of Çan sourced from Ağı Dağı, Çanakkale, Turkey. The coefficients of determination (R2) and the equation (y) are shown for each regression.

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Figure 3
Figure 3. Seasonal variations of pH (a), temperature (b), conductivity (c) in the street tap waters of Çan sourced from Ağı Dağı, Çanakkale, Turkey.
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Seasonal variations of pH (a), temperature (b), conductivity (c) in the street tap waters of Çan sourced from Ağı Dağı, Çanakkale, Turkey.

Figure 3
Figure 3. Seasonal variations of pH (a), temperature (b), conductivity (c) in the street tap waters of Çan sourced from Ağı Dağı, Çanakkale, Turkey.
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Seasonal variations of pH (a), temperature (b), conductivity (c) in the street tap waters of Çan sourced from Ağı Dağı, Çanakkale, Turkey.

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