Seasonal variations of water quality parameters such as pH, temperature and conductivity in the street tap water are presented in Table 4 and Figure 3. Correlation and regression results between heavy metals and water quality parameters are displayed in Table 5 and Figure 4. The current values of water quality parameters such as pH, temperature and conductivity were compared with the standard limit values of the Turkish Standard-TS266 (TSE 2005), European Union (EU 1998), World Health Organization (WHO 2011) and US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA 2012) and are shown in Table 5.
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Table 4
Seasonal variations of water quality parameters in the street tap waters of Çan sourced from Ağı Dağı, Çanakkale, Turkey
| Season | Sampling station | pH | Temperature (°C) | Conductivity (μS/cm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Winter | Ataturk District | 5.20 ± 0.54 | 7.30 ± 0.53 | 50.3 ± 0.82 |
| Seramik District | 6.10 ± 0.21 | 8.11 ± 1.28 | 53.2 ± 0.61 | |
| Karsiyaka District | 6.90 ± 0.18 | 8.20 ± 0.61 | 51.9 ± 0.91 | |
| Fatih District | 5.80 ± 0.19 | 7.40 ± 0.61 | 52.6 ± 0.76 | |
| Istiklal District | 7.00 ± 0.19 | 7.65 ± 0.92 | 50.8 ± 0.47 | |
| Average (Winter) | 6.20±0.76 | 7.73±0.41 | 51.8±1.21 | |
| Spring | Ataturk District | 5.19 ± 0.04 | 11.8 ± 1.57 | 56.2 ± 0.87 |
| Seramik District | 5.25 ± 0.29 | 10.7 ± 0.92 | 54.6 ± 1.66 | |
| Karsiyaka District | 5.63 ± 0.58 | 12.3 ± 0.87 | 56.8 ± 1.76 | |
| Fatih District | 5.10 ± 0.06 | 11.6 ± 0.53 | 56.3 ± 0.20 | |
| Istiklal District | 5.10 ± 0.13 | 11.6 ± 0.61 | 56.3 ± 0.63 | |
| Average (Spring) | 5.25±0.22 | 11.6±0.58 | 56.0±0.84 | |
| Summer | Ataturk District | 6.20 ± 0.30 | 18.9 ± 0.35 | 64.3 ± 0.10 |
| Seramik District | 5.70 ± 0.44 | 18.5 ± 0.17 | 65.7 ± 0.20 | |
| Karsiyaka District | 5.73 ± 0.06 | 19.1 ± 0.36 | 66.5 ± 0.82 | |
| Fatih District | 5.90 ± 0.04 | 20.6 ± 0.97 | 63.8 ± 0.36 | |
| Istiklal District | 6.49 ± 0.64 | 20.3 ± 0.20 | 64.0 ± 0.10 | |
| Average (Summer) | 6.00±0.34 | 19.5±0.92 | 64.9±1.18 | |
| Autumn | Ataturk District | 6.40 ± 0. 54 | 14.5 ± 0.53 | 58.1 ± 0.82 |
| Seramik District | 6.00 ± 0.21 | 15.3 ± 1.28 | 59.7 ± 0.61 | |
| Karsiyaka District | 5.43 ± 0.18 | 15.6 ± 0.61 | 59.0 ± 0.91 | |
| Fatih District | 6.80 ± 0.19 | 16.1 ± 0.61 | 57.7 ± 0.76 | |
| Istiklal District | 6.13 ± 0.19 | 14.7 ± 0.92 | 59.5 ± 0.47 | |
| Average (Autumn) | 6.15±0.51 | 15.2±0.65 | 58.8±0.87 | |
| Annual average | 5.90±0.60 | 13.5±4.50 | 57.9±4.97 |
| Season | Sampling station | pH | Temperature (°C) | Conductivity (μS/cm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Winter | Ataturk District | 5.20 ± 0.54 | 7.30 ± 0.53 | 50.3 ± 0.82 |
| Seramik District | 6.10 ± 0.21 | 8.11 ± 1.28 | 53.2 ± 0.61 | |
| Karsiyaka District | 6.90 ± 0.18 | 8.20 ± 0.61 | 51.9 ± 0.91 | |
| Fatih District | 5.80 ± 0.19 | 7.40 ± 0.61 | 52.6 ± 0.76 | |
| Istiklal District | 7.00 ± 0.19 | 7.65 ± 0.92 | 50.8 ± 0.47 | |
| Average (Winter) | 6.20±0.76 | 7.73±0.41 | 51.8±1.21 | |
| Spring | Ataturk District | 5.19 ± 0.04 | 11.8 ± 1.57 | 56.2 ± 0.87 |
| Seramik District | 5.25 ± 0.29 | 10.7 ± 0.92 | 54.6 ± 1.66 | |
| Karsiyaka District | 5.63 ± 0.58 | 12.3 ± 0.87 | 56.8 ± 1.76 | |
| Fatih District | 5.10 ± 0.06 | 11.6 ± 0.53 | 56.3 ± 0.20 | |
| Istiklal District | 5.10 ± 0.13 | 11.6 ± 0.61 | 56.3 ± 0.63 | |
| Average (Spring) | 5.25±0.22 | 11.6±0.58 | 56.0±0.84 | |
| Summer | Ataturk District | 6.20 ± 0.30 | 18.9 ± 0.35 | 64.3 ± 0.10 |
| Seramik District | 5.70 ± 0.44 | 18.5 ± 0.17 | 65.7 ± 0.20 | |
| Karsiyaka District | 5.73 ± 0.06 | 19.1 ± 0.36 | 66.5 ± 0.82 | |
| Fatih District | 5.90 ± 0.04 | 20.6 ± 0.97 | 63.8 ± 0.36 | |
| Istiklal District | 6.49 ± 0.64 | 20.3 ± 0.20 | 64.0 ± 0.10 | |
| Average (Summer) | 6.00±0.34 | 19.5±0.92 | 64.9±1.18 | |
| Autumn | Ataturk District | 6.40 ± 0. 54 | 14.5 ± 0.53 | 58.1 ± 0.82 |
| Seramik District | 6.00 ± 0.21 | 15.3 ± 1.28 | 59.7 ± 0.61 | |
| Karsiyaka District | 5.43 ± 0.18 | 15.6 ± 0.61 | 59.0 ± 0.91 | |
| Fatih District | 6.80 ± 0.19 | 16.1 ± 0.61 | 57.7 ± 0.76 | |
| Istiklal District | 6.13 ± 0.19 | 14.7 ± 0.92 | 59.5 ± 0.47 | |
| Average (Autumn) | 6.15±0.51 | 15.2±0.65 | 58.8±0.87 | |
| Annual average | 5.90±0.60 | 13.5±4.50 | 57.9±4.97 |
Table 5
Annual average results of some water quality parameters compared with drinking water standard limit values of TS266 standard (Turkish Standard Institute), EU, WHO (World Health Organization) and US EPA
| Water quality parameters | Annual average (current study) | TSE 266 | EU | WHO | EPA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Temperature (°C) | 13.40 | 12.0–25.0 | – | – | – |
| pH | 5.890 | 6.50–9.50 | 6.50–9.50 | 6.50–8.50 | 6.50–8.50 |
| Conductivity(μScm−1) | 57.90 | 650–2,500 | – | – | – |
| Water quality parameters | Annual average (current study) | TSE 266 | EU | WHO | EPA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Temperature (°C) | 13.40 | 12.0–25.0 | – | – | – |
| pH | 5.890 | 6.50–9.50 | 6.50–9.50 | 6.50–8.50 | 6.50–8.50 |
| Conductivity(μScm−1) | 57.90 | 650–2,500 | – | – | – |
Figure 4
Relationships between temperature and conductivity and relationships between various metals in the street tap waters of Çan sourced from Ağı Dağı, Çanakkale, Turkey. The coefficients of determination (R2) and the equation (y) are shown for each regression.
Figure 4
Relationships between temperature and conductivity and relationships between various metals in the street tap waters of Çan sourced from Ağı Dağı, Çanakkale, Turkey. The coefficients of determination (R2) and the equation (y) are shown for each regression.