Demographic and household environmental characteristics of participants with poor water quality (as measured by positive Escherichia coli) among different study sub-groups – Nueva Santa Rosa, Guatemala, 2010
| Variable . | Overall study . | Water quality testing (diarrhea analyses) (n = 732) . | Water quality and stool testing (STHa analyses) (n = 545) . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total . | Total . | Positive E. coli . | Total . | Positive E. coli . | |
| Household possessions factor >0b | 331/852 (38.9%) | 228/682 (33.4%) | 192/682 (28.2%) | 212/504 (42.1%) | 140/504 (27.8%) |
| Animal ownership factor >0c | 164/852 (19.3%) | 117/682 (17.2%) | 100/682 (14.7%) | 88/504 (17.5%) | 78/504 (15.5%) |
| Live in lower population density aread | 141/920 (15.3%) | 109/732 (14.9%) | 97/732 (13.3%) | 74/545 (13.6%) | 66/545 (12.1%) |
| Crowded homee | 459/920 (49.9%) | 349/732 (47.7%) | 307/732 (41.9%) | 256/545 (47.0%) | 227/545 (41.7%) |
| Finished floorsf | 573/916 (62.6%) | 472/728 (64.8%) | 336/728 (46.2%) | 340/541 (62.9%) | 236/541 (43.6%) |
| Improved water sourceg | 789/909 (86.8%) | 612/721 (84.9%) | 463/721 (64.2%) | 454/537 (84.5%) | 343/537 (63.9%) |
| Store water at home | 782/916 (85.4%) | 597/728 (82.0%) | 487/728 (66.9%) | 457/541 (84.5%) | 373/541 (68.9%) |
| Treat waterh | 287/920 (31.2%) | 235/732 (32.1%) | 186/732 (25.4%) | 173/545 (31.7%) | 133/545 (24.4%) |
| E. coli-positive source water | 581/732 (79.4%) | 581/732 (79.4%) | NA | 432/545 (79.3%) | NA |
| Chlorine residual-positive wateri | 19/714 (2.7%) | 19/705 (2.7%) | 4/705 (0.6%) | 15/524 (2.9%) | 4/524 (0.8%) |
| Age | |||||
| 0–4 years old | 97/913 (10.6%) | 79/726 (10.9%) | 67/726 (9.2%) | 63/545 (11.6%) | 56/545 (10.3%) |
| 5–14 years old | 250/913 (27.4%) | 193/726 (26.6%) | 160/726 (22.0%) | 151/545 (27.7%) | 124/545 (22.8%) |
| ≥ 15 years old | 566/913 (62.0%) | 454/726 (62.5%) | 350/726 (48.2%) | 331/545 (60.7%) | 252/545 (46.2%) |
| Variable . | Overall study . | Water quality testing (diarrhea analyses) (n = 732) . | Water quality and stool testing (STHa analyses) (n = 545) . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total . | Total . | Positive E. coli . | Total . | Positive E. coli . | |
| Household possessions factor >0b | 331/852 (38.9%) | 228/682 (33.4%) | 192/682 (28.2%) | 212/504 (42.1%) | 140/504 (27.8%) |
| Animal ownership factor >0c | 164/852 (19.3%) | 117/682 (17.2%) | 100/682 (14.7%) | 88/504 (17.5%) | 78/504 (15.5%) |
| Live in lower population density aread | 141/920 (15.3%) | 109/732 (14.9%) | 97/732 (13.3%) | 74/545 (13.6%) | 66/545 (12.1%) |
| Crowded homee | 459/920 (49.9%) | 349/732 (47.7%) | 307/732 (41.9%) | 256/545 (47.0%) | 227/545 (41.7%) |
| Finished floorsf | 573/916 (62.6%) | 472/728 (64.8%) | 336/728 (46.2%) | 340/541 (62.9%) | 236/541 (43.6%) |
| Improved water sourceg | 789/909 (86.8%) | 612/721 (84.9%) | 463/721 (64.2%) | 454/537 (84.5%) | 343/537 (63.9%) |
| Store water at home | 782/916 (85.4%) | 597/728 (82.0%) | 487/728 (66.9%) | 457/541 (84.5%) | 373/541 (68.9%) |
| Treat waterh | 287/920 (31.2%) | 235/732 (32.1%) | 186/732 (25.4%) | 173/545 (31.7%) | 133/545 (24.4%) |
| E. coli-positive source water | 581/732 (79.4%) | 581/732 (79.4%) | NA | 432/545 (79.3%) | NA |
| Chlorine residual-positive wateri | 19/714 (2.7%) | 19/705 (2.7%) | 4/705 (0.6%) | 15/524 (2.9%) | 4/524 (0.8%) |
| Age | |||||
| 0–4 years old | 97/913 (10.6%) | 79/726 (10.9%) | 67/726 (9.2%) | 63/545 (11.6%) | 56/545 (10.3%) |
| 5–14 years old | 250/913 (27.4%) | 193/726 (26.6%) | 160/726 (22.0%) | 151/545 (27.7%) | 124/545 (22.8%) |
| ≥ 15 years old | 566/913 (62.0%) | 454/726 (62.5%) | 350/726 (48.2%) | 331/545 (60.7%) | 252/545 (46.2%) |
aSoil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) diagnosed in a single stool specimen, which was processed using the Mini Parasep® FPC method, examined microscopically, and found to be positive for Ascaris lumbricoides and/or Trichuris trichiura.
bThe household possessions factor represented household possessions, mother's education, and household wall construction.
cThe animal ownership factor represented a household's livestock ownership.
dLower population density defined as population density <1,000 people/km2.
eCrowded homes defined as >2.5 people per bedroom, the median of people per bedroom in the dataset.
fFinished floors include wood, vinyl, ceramic tiles, cement, carpet, and brick versus earthen (sand, dung, straw, or saw dust).
gImproved water sources included taps, boreholes, protected wells, rainwater, and commercially bottled water.
hWater treatment was self-reported as anything done to the water after collection to make drinking water safer for consumption, including boiling, adding bleach/chlorine, adding iodine, straining water through a cloth, using a water filter (ceramic, sand, composite), using solar disinfection, letting water stand/settle, or adding a flocculant.
iThe World Health Organization recommends a minimum free chlorine residual level of 0.2–0.5 mg/L at the point of delivery for water that is centrally treated and 0.2 mg/L in stored household water treated by chlorination (World Health Organization 2011).