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Table 3

Concentration and composition of EPS in aerobic and anaerobic MBR sludge/biomass

Source	Reactor type/sludge	Config.	Temp.	SRT	HRT	MLSS	EPS_tot	EPS_p	EPS_c	Ratio	Reference
Source	Reactor type/sludge	Config.	°C	d	h	g L⁻¹	mg g VSS⁻¹	mg g VSS⁻¹	mg g VSS⁻¹	EPSp/EPSc	Reference
Anaerobic MBRs
Crude^a	CSTR/F	Sub	20	70	24.5	18–28	98^h	74	24	7.0 (3.1)^o	Robles et al. (2013a)
Crude^a	CSTR/F	Sub	33	70	5.5–16.5	14–32	155^h	121	34	16.4 (3.6)^o	Robles et al. (2013a)
Crude^a	CSTR/F	Sub	17–29	28.6–41.1	12.1–28.4	10–25	161ⁱ	126	35	3.6	Giménez et al. (2014)
Settled	CSTR/G	Sub	12	120^f	6	5.9	11–32^i,n	10.1–31.5ⁿ	0.9ⁿ	10.7–33.3	Fawehinmi (2006)
Settled	CSTR/F	Sub	25–30	30–90	10	8.0–13.6	42–50ⁱ	32–40	10	4–5	Huang et al. (2013)
Synthetic	UASB/G	Sub	11–25	–	3.5–5.7	–	5–7.7^i,j	0.6–1.6	4.4–6.1	0.18–0.25	Chu et al. (2005)
Synthetic	UASB/G	Sub	11–25	–	3.5–5.7	–	17.4–20.4^i,k	5.8–7.0	11.6–13.4	0.48–0.55	Chu et al. (2005)
Synthetic	UASB/G	Sub	21–24	–	8	–	219^i,l	108–244	27–60	4.1	Cerón-Vivas et al. (2012)
Synthetic	UASB/F	Side	25	–	6	–	4ⁱ	3.7	0.3	12.3	Ozgun et al. (2015a)
Synthetic	CSTR/F	Sub	15	300	16	–	57–81^h,k	32–46	25–35	1.3	Smith et al. (2013)
Synthetic	CSTR/F	Sub	25–30	30	8–12	5.6–7.1	55.5ⁱ	38–48	10–15	2.5–2.85	Huang et al. (2011)
Synthetic	CSTR/F	Sub	25–30	60	8–12	5.7–8.9	55.5ⁱ	37–45	11–18	2.0–2.85	Huang et al. (2011)
Synthetic	CSTR/F	Sub	25–30	∞	8–12	6.5–10.5	49.5ⁱ	35–42	11	2.5	Huang et al. (2011)
Synthetic	IAFMBR^d/F	Sub	35	–	6	–	60^i,m	45^m	15^m	3	Gao et al. (2014b)
Synthetic	IAFMBR^d/F	Sub	35	–	6	–	37.5–42.5^i,m	30–35^m	5–10^m	4.3	Gao et al. (2014b)
Synthetic	IAFMBR^d/F	Sub	35	–	6	–	70^i,k,m	52^m	18^m	2.8	Gao et al. (2014b)
Aerobic MBRs
Crude^b	CSTR	Sub	16–22	∞	13.3	5.2–10.5	25.5–79.8ⁱ	20.4–64.5	3.4–34.0	2.3	Bella et al. (2011)
Crude^b	CSTR	Sub	–	40–45	16	10–31.2	34–157ⁱ	–	–	–	Holba et al. (2012)
Crude^b	CSTR	Sub	–	30–75	42	2.2–5.6	38–114ⁱ	–	–	–	Holba et al. (2012)
Crude^b	CSTR	Sub	11–23.8	5–12	6	10–11.2	90–140^h	–	–	–	Fan et al. (2006)
Crude^b	CSTR	Sub	13–26	10	10	3.8–4.2	162.7ⁱ	58.7	42.9	1.4	Liu et al. (2012a)
Crude^b	CSTR^e	Sub	13–26	10	10	3.8–4.3	165.2ⁱ	58.6	41.8	1.4	Liu et al. (2012a)
Crude^c	CSTR	Sub	–	–	–	6.0	6.9^h	3.5	3.4	1.0	Gabarrón et al. (2013)
Settled	CSTR	Sub	–	10–30	–	12–18	81–115ⁱ	57–88	24–29	2.4–3.2	Trussell et al. (2007)
Settled	CSTR	Sub	20	10	16	1.9	45–70ⁱ	–	–	2–4	Massé et al. (2006)
Settled	CSTR	Sub	20	53	16	6.0	20–40ⁱ	–	–	2–4	Massé et al. (2006)
Synthetic	CSTR	Sub	–	20,40,60	7.8	2.8–5.5^g	63–70ⁱ	30–36	30–35	1.0	Lee et al. (2003)
Synthetic	CSTR	Sub	–	10–80	–	1.7–3.7	–	<2	3–6	0.33–0.67	Duan et al. (2015)

Source	Reactor type/sludge	Config.	Temp.	SRT	HRT	MLSS	EPS_tot	EPS_p	EPS_c	Ratio	Reference
Source	Reactor type/sludge	Config.	°C	d	h	g L⁻¹	mg g VSS⁻¹	mg g VSS⁻¹	mg g VSS⁻¹	EPSp/EPSc	Reference
Anaerobic MBRs
Crude^a	CSTR/F	Sub	20	70	24.5	18–28	98^h	74	24	7.0 (3.1)^o	Robles et al. (2013a)
Crude^a	CSTR/F	Sub	33	70	5.5–16.5	14–32	155^h	121	34	16.4 (3.6)^o	Robles et al. (2013a)
Crude^a	CSTR/F	Sub	17–29	28.6–41.1	12.1–28.4	10–25	161ⁱ	126	35	3.6	Giménez et al. (2014)
Settled	CSTR/G	Sub	12	120^f	6	5.9	11–32^i,n	10.1–31.5ⁿ	0.9ⁿ	10.7–33.3	Fawehinmi (2006)
Settled	CSTR/F	Sub	25–30	30–90	10	8.0–13.6	42–50ⁱ	32–40	10	4–5	Huang et al. (2013)
Synthetic	UASB/G	Sub	11–25	–	3.5–5.7	–	5–7.7^i,j	0.6–1.6	4.4–6.1	0.18–0.25	Chu et al. (2005)
Synthetic	UASB/G	Sub	11–25	–	3.5–5.7	–	17.4–20.4^i,k	5.8–7.0	11.6–13.4	0.48–0.55	Chu et al. (2005)
Synthetic	UASB/G	Sub	21–24	–	8	–	219^i,l	108–244	27–60	4.1	Cerón-Vivas et al. (2012)
Synthetic	UASB/F	Side	25	–	6	–	4ⁱ	3.7	0.3	12.3	Ozgun et al. (2015a)
Synthetic	CSTR/F	Sub	15	300	16	–	57–81^h,k	32–46	25–35	1.3	Smith et al. (2013)
Synthetic	CSTR/F	Sub	25–30	30	8–12	5.6–7.1	55.5ⁱ	38–48	10–15	2.5–2.85	Huang et al. (2011)
Synthetic	CSTR/F	Sub	25–30	60	8–12	5.7–8.9	55.5ⁱ	37–45	11–18	2.0–2.85	Huang et al. (2011)
Synthetic	CSTR/F	Sub	25–30	∞	8–12	6.5–10.5	49.5ⁱ	35–42	11	2.5	Huang et al. (2011)
Synthetic	IAFMBR^d/F	Sub	35	–	6	–	60^i,m	45^m	15^m	3	Gao et al. (2014b)
Synthetic	IAFMBR^d/F	Sub	35	–	6	–	37.5–42.5^i,m	30–35^m	5–10^m	4.3	Gao et al. (2014b)
Synthetic	IAFMBR^d/F	Sub	35	–	6	–	70^i,k,m	52^m	18^m	2.8	Gao et al. (2014b)
Aerobic MBRs
Crude^b	CSTR	Sub	16–22	∞	13.3	5.2–10.5	25.5–79.8ⁱ	20.4–64.5	3.4–34.0	2.3	Bella et al. (2011)
Crude^b	CSTR	Sub	–	40–45	16	10–31.2	34–157ⁱ	–	–	–	Holba et al. (2012)
Crude^b	CSTR	Sub	–	30–75	42	2.2–5.6	38–114ⁱ	–	–	–	Holba et al. (2012)
Crude^b	CSTR	Sub	11–23.8	5–12	6	10–11.2	90–140^h	–	–	–	Fan et al. (2006)
Crude^b	CSTR	Sub	13–26	10	10	3.8–4.2	162.7ⁱ	58.7	42.9	1.4	Liu et al. (2012a)
Crude^b	CSTR^e	Sub	13–26	10	10	3.8–4.3	165.2ⁱ	58.6	41.8	1.4	Liu et al. (2012a)
Crude^c	CSTR	Sub	–	–	–	6.0	6.9^h	3.5	3.4	1.0	Gabarrón et al. (2013)
Settled	CSTR	Sub	–	10–30	–	12–18	81–115ⁱ	57–88	24–29	2.4–3.2	Trussell et al. (2007)
Settled	CSTR	Sub	20	10	16	1.9	45–70ⁱ	–	–	2–4	Massé et al. (2006)
Settled	CSTR	Sub	20	53	16	6.0	20–40ⁱ	–	–	2–4	Massé et al. (2006)
Synthetic	CSTR	Sub	–	20,40,60	7.8	2.8–5.5^g	63–70ⁱ	30–36	30–35	1.0	Lee et al. (2003)
Synthetic	CSTR	Sub	–	10–80	–	1.7–3.7	–	<2	3–6	0.33–0.67	Duan et al. (2015)

Acronyms: CSTR: continuous stirred tank reactor; F: flocculent sludge; G: granular sludge; GAC: granular activated carbon; IAFMBR: integrated anaerobic fluidised–bed membrane bioreactor; SAF–MBR: staged anaerobic fluidised membrane bioreactor; UASB: upflow anaerobic sludge blanket.

^aCrude: pre-treatment including screening, degritter and grease removal.

^bCrude: after screening.

^cData from full scale plant, Crude: after coarse screen, grit chamber, buffering and fine screen.

^dWith 40 g GAC addition.

^eWith biofilm carrier.

^fNot report SRT, but no sludge is wasted during the tests except sampling. SRT can be assumed the same as experiment duration time.

^gReported MLVSS.

^hReported as extracted EPS.

ⁱReported EPS.

^jEPS of sludge on granules.

^kEPS of sludge on membrane.

^lEPS in the UASB effluent.

^mNo MLSS or MLVSS, data is reported with initial unit mg L^−1.

ⁿUse MLVSS/MLSS ratio = 0.63 to convert the unit from mg g SS⁻¹ to mg g VSS^−1.

^oValues in the bracket were calculated directly from the average value.

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