Hydrodynamic conditions and specific energy demand of immersed anaerobic MBRs treating municipal wastewater (real and synthetic)
| Source . | Reactor type/Sludge . | Material/ Geo./ Pore size . | Temp . | MLSS . | Flux . | Filtration cycle . | . | SGD . | Ug . | Gas sparging cycle . | Energy consump. . | Reference . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| μm . | °C . | g. L−1 . | LMH . | FI min . | R min . | BW min . | Others . | m3.m−2.h−1 . | m h−1 . | Gas . | On min . | Off min . | kWh m−3 . | |||
| Crua | CSTR/F | PVDF/HF/0.05 | 33 | 23 | 12–19 | 250s | 50s | 30sh | 40 s V + 30 s Dj | 0.17–0.5 | – | B | Con. | 0.10–0.46 | Robles et al. (2012) | |
| Crua | CSTR/F | PVDF/HF/0.05 | 20–33 | 23 | 10–13.3 | 250s | 50s | 30sh | 40 s V + 30 s Dj | 0.23 | – | B | Con. | 0.19–0.26 | Robles et al. (2013a) | |
| Crua | CSTR/F | PVDF/HF/0.05 | 17–29 | 10–25 | 7–11 | 250s | 50s | 30sh | 40 s V + 40 s Dj | 0.23 | – | B | Con. | 0.23–0.37 | Giménez et al. (2014) | |
| Crub | CSTR/F | PVDF/HF/0.04 | 18.9 | 21.3 | 10 | Con. | – | – | – | 1.3 | – | B | Con. | 2.10m | Ruigómez et al. (2016b) | |
| Crub | CSTR/F | PVDF/HF/0.04 | 18.9 | 21.3 | 10 | Con. | – | – | – | 0 | – | – | – | 2.30m | Ruigómez et al. (2016b) | |
| Crub | CSTR/F | PVDF/HF/0.04 | 23 | – | 17 | 8 | 2 | 4i | – | 0.146 | – | B | Con. | 0.10 | Dong et al. (2016a) | |
| Crub | CSTR/F | PVDF/FS/140d | 30 | 6.4–9.3 | 11 | 9 | 1 | – | – | 0.11 | – | B | Con. | 0.10 | Lin et al. (2011) | |
| Cruc | IAFMBR | –/HF/0.4 | 15–35 | – | 11.3 | Con. | – | – | – | 0 | – | – | – | – | Gao et al. (2014)a, 2014b) | |
| Cru (GA) | CSTR/F | PES/FS/0.038 | 20 | 9.5–14.7 | 7 | 10 | 0.5 | 1 | – | – | 62 | B | Con. | – | Martinez-Sosa et al. (2012) | |
| Black | UASB/G | PVDF/Tub/250d | 37 | – | 10f | 8 | 1 | 1 | – | – | 8–16 | – | Con. | – | van Voorthuizen (2008) | |
| Black | CSTR | PVDF/Tub/250d | 37 | – | 8f | 8 | 1 | 1 | – | – | 40 | – | Con. | – | van Voorthuizen (2008) | |
| Set | UASB/G | PVDF/HF/0.04 | 10–25 | 0.1–0.6 | 6f | 10 | – | 1 | – | 1.17 | 148 | N | 10s | 10s | 0.88 | Martin Garcia et al. (2013) |
| Set | UASB/G | PVDF/HF/0.04 | 10–25 | 0.1–0.6 | 6f | 10 | – | 1 | – | 1.17 | 148 | N | 1 | 10 | 0.16 | Martin Garcia et al. (2013) |
| Set | UASB/F | PVDF/HF/0.045 | 18 | 5.95e | 10–14 | 7.5 | 5s | 15s | 5 s R | 0.32–0.48k | 40–60 | B | Con. | 0.26–0.39 | Gouveia et al. (2015a) | |
| Set | UASB/G | PVDF/HF/0.045 | 18 | 2e | 8 | 15 | 10s | 1 | 10 s R | 0.07k | 9 | B | Con. | 0.09 | Gouveia et al. (2015b) | |
| Set | CSTR/F | PVDF/HF/0.08 | 10–25 | 7.7 | 6f | 10 | – | 1 | – | 0.39 | 277 | N | 10s | 10s | 0.29 | Martin Garcia et al. (2013) |
| Set | SAF–MBR/F | PVDF/HF/0.03 | 8–30 | – | 5.1–6.2f | 30 | 5 | – | – | 0 | – | – | – | 0.23n | Shin et al. (2014) | |
| Syn | UASB/G | PVDF/Tub/100d | 21–24 | – | 4.2 | 10 | 1 | – | – | 5.29 | – | N | 1 | 10 | 1.13 | Cerón-Vivas et al. (2012) |
| Syn | UASB/G | PVDF/Tub/100d | 21–24 | – | 5.2 | 4 | 1 | – | – | 5.29 | – | N | 1 | 4 | 2.27 | Ceron-Vivas et al. (2012) |
| Syn | CSTR/F | PS/Tub/0.2 | 55 | 25–50 | 16–23 | 10 | – | 0.5 | – | 0.29–1.02l | 12–42 | B | Con. | 0.12–0.63 | Jeison & van Lier (2006) | |
| Syn | CSTR/F | PS/Tub/0.2 | 30 | 25–50 | 5–21 | 10 | – | 0.5 | – | 0.85–1.70l | 35–70 | B | Con. | 0.40–3.35 | Jeison & van Lier (2006) | |
| Syn | CSTR/F | PE/FS/0.4 | 35 | – | 5–8 | Con. | – | – | – | 3 | – | B | 10 | 5 | 2.2–3.6 | Vyrides & Stuckey (2009) |
| Syn | CSTR/F | PE/FS/0.4 | 35 | – | 5–8 | Con. | – | – | – | 3 | – | B | Con. | 3.4–5.4 | Vyrides & Stuckey (2009) | |
| Syn | CSTR/F | PE/FS/0.4 | – | – | 7.2 | Con. | – | – | – | 2.4 | – | B | Con. | 3.0 | Fox & Stuckey (2015) | |
| Syn | CSTR/F | PES/FS/0.2 | 15 | – | 7 | 30 (240)g | – | 0.5 (4)g | – | 7.24 | 14 | B | Con. | 9.6 | Smith et al. (2013) | |
| Syn | CSTR/F | PES/FS/0.2 | 3–15 | – | 1.2–12 | 5 | – | 1 | – | 5.8 | – | B | Con. | 6.5–64.8 | Smith et al. (2015) | |
| Syn | ARMBR | PE/FS/0.2 | 30 | 5.5 | 11 | 8 | 2 | – | – | 0 | – | – | – | 0.10n | Kim et al. (2014) | |
| Syn | ABR + AFMR | PVDF/HF/0.1 | 35 | – | 7–10 | Con. | – | – | – | 0 | – | – | – | 0.058n | Kim et al. (2011) | |
| Source . | Reactor type/Sludge . | Material/ Geo./ Pore size . | Temp . | MLSS . | Flux . | Filtration cycle . | . | SGD . | Ug . | Gas sparging cycle . | Energy consump. . | Reference . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| μm . | °C . | g. L−1 . | LMH . | FI min . | R min . | BW min . | Others . | m3.m−2.h−1 . | m h−1 . | Gas . | On min . | Off min . | kWh m−3 . | |||
| Crua | CSTR/F | PVDF/HF/0.05 | 33 | 23 | 12–19 | 250s | 50s | 30sh | 40 s V + 30 s Dj | 0.17–0.5 | – | B | Con. | 0.10–0.46 | Robles et al. (2012) | |
| Crua | CSTR/F | PVDF/HF/0.05 | 20–33 | 23 | 10–13.3 | 250s | 50s | 30sh | 40 s V + 30 s Dj | 0.23 | – | B | Con. | 0.19–0.26 | Robles et al. (2013a) | |
| Crua | CSTR/F | PVDF/HF/0.05 | 17–29 | 10–25 | 7–11 | 250s | 50s | 30sh | 40 s V + 40 s Dj | 0.23 | – | B | Con. | 0.23–0.37 | Giménez et al. (2014) | |
| Crub | CSTR/F | PVDF/HF/0.04 | 18.9 | 21.3 | 10 | Con. | – | – | – | 1.3 | – | B | Con. | 2.10m | Ruigómez et al. (2016b) | |
| Crub | CSTR/F | PVDF/HF/0.04 | 18.9 | 21.3 | 10 | Con. | – | – | – | 0 | – | – | – | 2.30m | Ruigómez et al. (2016b) | |
| Crub | CSTR/F | PVDF/HF/0.04 | 23 | – | 17 | 8 | 2 | 4i | – | 0.146 | – | B | Con. | 0.10 | Dong et al. (2016a) | |
| Crub | CSTR/F | PVDF/FS/140d | 30 | 6.4–9.3 | 11 | 9 | 1 | – | – | 0.11 | – | B | Con. | 0.10 | Lin et al. (2011) | |
| Cruc | IAFMBR | –/HF/0.4 | 15–35 | – | 11.3 | Con. | – | – | – | 0 | – | – | – | – | Gao et al. (2014)a, 2014b) | |
| Cru (GA) | CSTR/F | PES/FS/0.038 | 20 | 9.5–14.7 | 7 | 10 | 0.5 | 1 | – | – | 62 | B | Con. | – | Martinez-Sosa et al. (2012) | |
| Black | UASB/G | PVDF/Tub/250d | 37 | – | 10f | 8 | 1 | 1 | – | – | 8–16 | – | Con. | – | van Voorthuizen (2008) | |
| Black | CSTR | PVDF/Tub/250d | 37 | – | 8f | 8 | 1 | 1 | – | – | 40 | – | Con. | – | van Voorthuizen (2008) | |
| Set | UASB/G | PVDF/HF/0.04 | 10–25 | 0.1–0.6 | 6f | 10 | – | 1 | – | 1.17 | 148 | N | 10s | 10s | 0.88 | Martin Garcia et al. (2013) |
| Set | UASB/G | PVDF/HF/0.04 | 10–25 | 0.1–0.6 | 6f | 10 | – | 1 | – | 1.17 | 148 | N | 1 | 10 | 0.16 | Martin Garcia et al. (2013) |
| Set | UASB/F | PVDF/HF/0.045 | 18 | 5.95e | 10–14 | 7.5 | 5s | 15s | 5 s R | 0.32–0.48k | 40–60 | B | Con. | 0.26–0.39 | Gouveia et al. (2015a) | |
| Set | UASB/G | PVDF/HF/0.045 | 18 | 2e | 8 | 15 | 10s | 1 | 10 s R | 0.07k | 9 | B | Con. | 0.09 | Gouveia et al. (2015b) | |
| Set | CSTR/F | PVDF/HF/0.08 | 10–25 | 7.7 | 6f | 10 | – | 1 | – | 0.39 | 277 | N | 10s | 10s | 0.29 | Martin Garcia et al. (2013) |
| Set | SAF–MBR/F | PVDF/HF/0.03 | 8–30 | – | 5.1–6.2f | 30 | 5 | – | – | 0 | – | – | – | 0.23n | Shin et al. (2014) | |
| Syn | UASB/G | PVDF/Tub/100d | 21–24 | – | 4.2 | 10 | 1 | – | – | 5.29 | – | N | 1 | 10 | 1.13 | Cerón-Vivas et al. (2012) |
| Syn | UASB/G | PVDF/Tub/100d | 21–24 | – | 5.2 | 4 | 1 | – | – | 5.29 | – | N | 1 | 4 | 2.27 | Ceron-Vivas et al. (2012) |
| Syn | CSTR/F | PS/Tub/0.2 | 55 | 25–50 | 16–23 | 10 | – | 0.5 | – | 0.29–1.02l | 12–42 | B | Con. | 0.12–0.63 | Jeison & van Lier (2006) | |
| Syn | CSTR/F | PS/Tub/0.2 | 30 | 25–50 | 5–21 | 10 | – | 0.5 | – | 0.85–1.70l | 35–70 | B | Con. | 0.40–3.35 | Jeison & van Lier (2006) | |
| Syn | CSTR/F | PE/FS/0.4 | 35 | – | 5–8 | Con. | – | – | – | 3 | – | B | 10 | 5 | 2.2–3.6 | Vyrides & Stuckey (2009) |
| Syn | CSTR/F | PE/FS/0.4 | 35 | – | 5–8 | Con. | – | – | – | 3 | – | B | Con. | 3.4–5.4 | Vyrides & Stuckey (2009) | |
| Syn | CSTR/F | PE/FS/0.4 | – | – | 7.2 | Con. | – | – | – | 2.4 | – | B | Con. | 3.0 | Fox & Stuckey (2015) | |
| Syn | CSTR/F | PES/FS/0.2 | 15 | – | 7 | 30 (240)g | – | 0.5 (4)g | – | 7.24 | 14 | B | Con. | 9.6 | Smith et al. (2013) | |
| Syn | CSTR/F | PES/FS/0.2 | 3–15 | – | 1.2–12 | 5 | – | 1 | – | 5.8 | – | B | Con. | 6.5–64.8 | Smith et al. (2015) | |
| Syn | ARMBR | PE/FS/0.2 | 30 | 5.5 | 11 | 8 | 2 | – | – | 0 | – | – | – | 0.10n | Kim et al. (2014) | |
| Syn | ABR + AFMR | PVDF/HF/0.1 | 35 | – | 7–10 | Con. | – | – | – | 0 | – | – | – | 0.058n | Kim et al. (2011) | |
Acronyms: ABR + AFMBR: anaerobic baffle reactor + anaerobic fluidised bed membrane bioreactor; ARMBR: anaerobic rotate disk MBR; AT: ambient temperature; B: biogas; BW: backwash; Cru: Crude; CSTR: continuous stirred tank reactor; F: flocculent sludge; FI: filtration; FS: flat sheet; G: granular sludge; GA: glucose addition; HF: hollow fibre; IAFMBR: integrated anaerobic fluidised-bed; MWCO: molecular weight cut off; N: Nitrogen; PE: Polyethylene; PVDF: Polyvinylidene fluoride; R: relaxation; SAF–MBR: staged anaerobic fluidised membrane bioreactor; Set: Settled; Syn: Synthetic; Tub: tubular; UASB: upflow anaerobic sludge blanket.
aCrude: pre-treatment including screening, degritter and grease removal.
bCrude: after screening.
cCrude: from septic tank.
dMWCO (kDa).
eReported MLVSS.
fNet flux.
gValues in the bracket are the second filtration conditions.
hBackwash 30 s every 50 min.
iBackwash weekly with chemicals.
j40 s ventilation every 50 min, 30 s degasification every 250 min.
kZW–10 module, use membrane cross sectional area of 74 cm2 (Martin Garcia et al. 2013).
lAssume 50% of the membrane package ratio and membrane mount area is double size of the membrane fibre cross sectional area.
mEnergy demand provided in the paper.