Biogas production from anaerobic MBRs treating municipal wastewater (real and synthetic)
. | Volume . | Inf. COD (BOD/OD) . | SO42− . | CODa . | OLRb . | Temp . | HRTc . | CH4 . | CH4 production (Normalised to STP) . | Dissolved CH4 (Normalised to STP) . | Total CH4e . | . | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Source . | l . | mg L−1 . | mg L−1 . | % . | kg COD m−3d−1 . | . | °C . | h . | % . | l CH4 gCODrem−1d . | l CH4 m−3 . | kWh m−3 . | l CH4 m−3 . | kWh m−3 . | kWh m−3 . | Reference . | |||
Cruf | 17.7n | 98–2,600 | – | – | 97 | 0.5–12.5 | 14–25 | 4–6 | 53–66 | 0.02–0.06 | 25–82 | 0.10–0.33 | 20.0x | 0.080 | 0.18–0.41 | Wen et al. (1999) | |||
Cru | 34 | 58–348 | – | – | (77–81) | 0.3–0.9 | 4 | 5.5–10 | – | 59–64 | 0.04–0.07s | 5.5–10.8 | 0.02–0.04 | 27.9x | 0.111 | 0.13–0.15 | An et al. (2009) | ||
Crug | 1,300 | 800 | 445 | 297 | 5 | 87 | 0.9–3.0 | 33 | 6–21 | 55 | 0.06s | 22.8 | 0.10 | 17.2w | 0.069 | 0.160 | Giménez et al. (2011) | ||
Crug | 1,300 | 800 | 445 | 297 | 5 | 87 | 0.9–3.0 | 33 | 6–21 | 55 | 0.26s,t | – | – | 17.2w | 0.069 | >0.160 | Giménez et al. (2011) | ||
Crug | 1,300 | 800 | 468–598 | 300o | – | 90–94 | 0.6–1.9 | 17–29 | 12–29 | – | 0.001–0.05 | 0.7–22.1 | 0.003–0.088 | 7.1–10.2w | 0.03–0.04 | 0.03–0.12 | Giménez et al. (2014) | ||
Crug | 1,300 | 800 | 650 | 315 | – | – | – | 17–33 | – | – | – | – | 1.3–23.6s | 0.005–0.095 | 6.7–13.0w | 0.03–0.05 | 0.03–0.15 | Pretel et al. (2014) | |
Cruf | 550 | 80 | 304–388 | 50–55 | – | 88–92 | 1.1 | 23 | 8.5 | 35 | 0.04–0.07 | 14–19 | 0.06–0.08 | 13.3w | 0.053 | 0.11–0.13 | Dong et al. (2016b) | ||
Cruf | 60 | 342–527 | – | – | 90 | 1.0 | 30 | 10 | 75–85 | 0.22s | 83 | 0.331 | 22.3x | 0.089 | 0.420 | Lin et al. (2011) | |||
Cruh | 5.8 | 247–449 | – | – | 51–74 | 1.2–1.4 | 15–35 | 6 | – | 0.13–0.17s | 23.6–43.4 | 0.09–0.17 | – | – | >0.09–0.17 | Gao et al. (2014a) | |||
Crui | 350 | – | 630 (0.63) | – | – | 82,90 | 0.6–1.1 | 20,35 | 14.3 | 88,80 | 0.23–0.27s | 127–149 | 0.506–0.594 | 29,21x | 0.12,0.08 | 0.62–0.68 | Martinez–Sosa et al. (2011) | ||
Setj | 160 | 150 | 892 (0.64) | 47 | – | 74–90 | 0.8–2.6 | 18 | 13–17 | – | 80–83 | 0.14–0.26 | 57–285 | 0.23–1.14 | 28.6x | 0.114 | 0.31–1.25 | Gouveia et al. (2015a) | |
Setk | 160 | 150 | 892 (0.64) | 47 | – | 73–90 | 2.0–4.7 | 18 | 7–13 | – | 83–86 | 0.09–0.23 | 86–231 | 0.35–0.92 | 28.6x | 0.114 | 0.46–1.04 | Gouveia et al. (2015a) | |
Setj | 326 | 175 | 978 (0.48) | 47 | – | 75–90 | 0.6–3.2 | 18 | 10–15 | – | 81–83 | 0.11–0.19 | 25–191 | 0.16–0.76 | 28.6w | 0.114 | 0.21–0.88 | Gouveia et al. (2015b) | |
Set | 42.5 | 30 | 265 | – | – | 93 | 0.2–0.6 | 14 | 12 | – | 0.004 | 1.0 | 0.004 | 13.0w | 0.052 | 0.056 | Cookney et al. (2016) | ||
Set | 5 | 1 | 427 | – | – | 84–86 | 1.0 | 25–30 | 10 | – | 0.04–0.10 | 14–38 | 0.06–0.15 | – | – | >0.06–0.15 | Huang et al. (2013) | ||
Setl,m | 0.25 | 0.25 | 154 (0.57) | – | – | 84 | 4–6 (1.3)q | 25 | 1 | 1.3 | – | – | – | 0.03v | – | 0.05–0.06v | 0.08–0.10v | Bae et al. (2013) | |
Setl | 0.25 | 0.25 | 154 (0.57) | 63 | 0 | 84 | 3.5 (1.2)q | 25 | 1 | 1.3 | 40 (54)r | 0.05 | 9.1 | 0.04 | 15.8w | 0.063 | 0.099 | Yoo et al. (2012) | |
Set | 990 | 770 | 233 (0.50) | 41 | 7 | 91–93 | 2.5–3.0 | 9–25 | 2 | 2.6 | – | 0.09–0.13 | 17–31 | 0.07–0.12 | 12–27w | 0.05–0.11 | 0.17–0.18 | Shin et al. (2014) | |
Syn | 4.7n | 383–849 | – | – | 85–96 | 1.6–4.5 | 11–25 | 3.5–5.7 | 63–72 | 0.06–0.12 | 32–66 | 0.13–0.27 | 23.5x | 0.09–0.10 | 0.22–0.35 | Chu et al. (2005) | |||
Syn | 30n | 390 | – | – | 89p | 0.78 | 35 | 12 | 81.2 | – | 26.3 | 0.105 | 20.8x | 0.083 | 0.189 | An et al. (2010) | |||
Syn | 5n | 440 | – | – | 92 | 0.7 | 15 | 16 | – | 0.05–0.13 | 20–53 | 0.08–0.21 | 29.1w | 0.09–0.14 | 0.20–0.33 | Smith et al. (2013) | |||
Syn | 3n | 460 | – | – | 90–95 | 0.2–3.7 | 35 | 3–48 | 60–70 | 0.20–0.29s | 83–125 | 0.33–0.50 | 16.7x | 0.067 | 0.40–0.57 | Hu & Stuckey (2006) | |||
Syn | 2 | – | 400 | – | – | 98 | 0.8–1.6 | 35 | 6–12 | 80–90 | 0.08–0.12s | 30–47 | 0.12–0.19 | – | 0.055 | 0.18–0.24 | Wei et al. (2014) | ||
Syn | 4 | – | 500 | 60–90 | – | >90 | 1.0–2.0 | 25 | 6–12 | 70–75 | 0.19–0.20s | 89–93 | 0.35–0.37 | 21w | 0.084 | >0.44–0.46 | Ho & Sung (2009) | ||
Syn | 3.93 | 2 | 513 | – | – | 99 (88) | 4–6 | – | 35 | 2–3 | – | 86 | 0.18 | 92u | 0.368 | 40w | 0.159 | 0.527 | Kim et al. (2011) |
Syn | 4n | 342 | – | – | 96 | – | 30 | – | 68 | 0.14s | – | 0.144v | 19.0x | 0.076 | 0.220 | Kim et al. (2014) |
. | Volume . | Inf. COD (BOD/OD) . | SO42− . | CODa . | OLRb . | Temp . | HRTc . | CH4 . | CH4 production (Normalised to STP) . | Dissolved CH4 (Normalised to STP) . | Total CH4e . | . | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Source . | l . | mg L−1 . | mg L−1 . | % . | kg COD m−3d−1 . | . | °C . | h . | % . | l CH4 gCODrem−1d . | l CH4 m−3 . | kWh m−3 . | l CH4 m−3 . | kWh m−3 . | kWh m−3 . | Reference . | |||
Cruf | 17.7n | 98–2,600 | – | – | 97 | 0.5–12.5 | 14–25 | 4–6 | 53–66 | 0.02–0.06 | 25–82 | 0.10–0.33 | 20.0x | 0.080 | 0.18–0.41 | Wen et al. (1999) | |||
Cru | 34 | 58–348 | – | – | (77–81) | 0.3–0.9 | 4 | 5.5–10 | – | 59–64 | 0.04–0.07s | 5.5–10.8 | 0.02–0.04 | 27.9x | 0.111 | 0.13–0.15 | An et al. (2009) | ||
Crug | 1,300 | 800 | 445 | 297 | 5 | 87 | 0.9–3.0 | 33 | 6–21 | 55 | 0.06s | 22.8 | 0.10 | 17.2w | 0.069 | 0.160 | Giménez et al. (2011) | ||
Crug | 1,300 | 800 | 445 | 297 | 5 | 87 | 0.9–3.0 | 33 | 6–21 | 55 | 0.26s,t | – | – | 17.2w | 0.069 | >0.160 | Giménez et al. (2011) | ||
Crug | 1,300 | 800 | 468–598 | 300o | – | 90–94 | 0.6–1.9 | 17–29 | 12–29 | – | 0.001–0.05 | 0.7–22.1 | 0.003–0.088 | 7.1–10.2w | 0.03–0.04 | 0.03–0.12 | Giménez et al. (2014) | ||
Crug | 1,300 | 800 | 650 | 315 | – | – | – | 17–33 | – | – | – | – | 1.3–23.6s | 0.005–0.095 | 6.7–13.0w | 0.03–0.05 | 0.03–0.15 | Pretel et al. (2014) | |
Cruf | 550 | 80 | 304–388 | 50–55 | – | 88–92 | 1.1 | 23 | 8.5 | 35 | 0.04–0.07 | 14–19 | 0.06–0.08 | 13.3w | 0.053 | 0.11–0.13 | Dong et al. (2016b) | ||
Cruf | 60 | 342–527 | – | – | 90 | 1.0 | 30 | 10 | 75–85 | 0.22s | 83 | 0.331 | 22.3x | 0.089 | 0.420 | Lin et al. (2011) | |||
Cruh | 5.8 | 247–449 | – | – | 51–74 | 1.2–1.4 | 15–35 | 6 | – | 0.13–0.17s | 23.6–43.4 | 0.09–0.17 | – | – | >0.09–0.17 | Gao et al. (2014a) | |||
Crui | 350 | – | 630 (0.63) | – | – | 82,90 | 0.6–1.1 | 20,35 | 14.3 | 88,80 | 0.23–0.27s | 127–149 | 0.506–0.594 | 29,21x | 0.12,0.08 | 0.62–0.68 | Martinez–Sosa et al. (2011) | ||
Setj | 160 | 150 | 892 (0.64) | 47 | – | 74–90 | 0.8–2.6 | 18 | 13–17 | – | 80–83 | 0.14–0.26 | 57–285 | 0.23–1.14 | 28.6x | 0.114 | 0.31–1.25 | Gouveia et al. (2015a) | |
Setk | 160 | 150 | 892 (0.64) | 47 | – | 73–90 | 2.0–4.7 | 18 | 7–13 | – | 83–86 | 0.09–0.23 | 86–231 | 0.35–0.92 | 28.6x | 0.114 | 0.46–1.04 | Gouveia et al. (2015a) | |
Setj | 326 | 175 | 978 (0.48) | 47 | – | 75–90 | 0.6–3.2 | 18 | 10–15 | – | 81–83 | 0.11–0.19 | 25–191 | 0.16–0.76 | 28.6w | 0.114 | 0.21–0.88 | Gouveia et al. (2015b) | |
Set | 42.5 | 30 | 265 | – | – | 93 | 0.2–0.6 | 14 | 12 | – | 0.004 | 1.0 | 0.004 | 13.0w | 0.052 | 0.056 | Cookney et al. (2016) | ||
Set | 5 | 1 | 427 | – | – | 84–86 | 1.0 | 25–30 | 10 | – | 0.04–0.10 | 14–38 | 0.06–0.15 | – | – | >0.06–0.15 | Huang et al. (2013) | ||
Setl,m | 0.25 | 0.25 | 154 (0.57) | – | – | 84 | 4–6 (1.3)q | 25 | 1 | 1.3 | – | – | – | 0.03v | – | 0.05–0.06v | 0.08–0.10v | Bae et al. (2013) | |
Setl | 0.25 | 0.25 | 154 (0.57) | 63 | 0 | 84 | 3.5 (1.2)q | 25 | 1 | 1.3 | 40 (54)r | 0.05 | 9.1 | 0.04 | 15.8w | 0.063 | 0.099 | Yoo et al. (2012) | |
Set | 990 | 770 | 233 (0.50) | 41 | 7 | 91–93 | 2.5–3.0 | 9–25 | 2 | 2.6 | – | 0.09–0.13 | 17–31 | 0.07–0.12 | 12–27w | 0.05–0.11 | 0.17–0.18 | Shin et al. (2014) | |
Syn | 4.7n | 383–849 | – | – | 85–96 | 1.6–4.5 | 11–25 | 3.5–5.7 | 63–72 | 0.06–0.12 | 32–66 | 0.13–0.27 | 23.5x | 0.09–0.10 | 0.22–0.35 | Chu et al. (2005) | |||
Syn | 30n | 390 | – | – | 89p | 0.78 | 35 | 12 | 81.2 | – | 26.3 | 0.105 | 20.8x | 0.083 | 0.189 | An et al. (2010) | |||
Syn | 5n | 440 | – | – | 92 | 0.7 | 15 | 16 | – | 0.05–0.13 | 20–53 | 0.08–0.21 | 29.1w | 0.09–0.14 | 0.20–0.33 | Smith et al. (2013) | |||
Syn | 3n | 460 | – | – | 90–95 | 0.2–3.7 | 35 | 3–48 | 60–70 | 0.20–0.29s | 83–125 | 0.33–0.50 | 16.7x | 0.067 | 0.40–0.57 | Hu & Stuckey (2006) | |||
Syn | 2 | – | 400 | – | – | 98 | 0.8–1.6 | 35 | 6–12 | 80–90 | 0.08–0.12s | 30–47 | 0.12–0.19 | – | 0.055 | 0.18–0.24 | Wei et al. (2014) | ||
Syn | 4 | – | 500 | 60–90 | – | >90 | 1.0–2.0 | 25 | 6–12 | 70–75 | 0.19–0.20s | 89–93 | 0.35–0.37 | 21w | 0.084 | >0.44–0.46 | Ho & Sung (2009) | ||
Syn | 3.93 | 2 | 513 | – | – | 99 (88) | 4–6 | – | 35 | 2–3 | – | 86 | 0.18 | 92u | 0.368 | 40w | 0.159 | 0.527 | Kim et al. (2011) |
Syn | 4n | 342 | – | – | 96 | – | 30 | – | 68 | 0.14s | – | 0.144v | 19.0x | 0.076 | 0.220 | Kim et al. (2014) |
Acronyms: Cru: Crude; Eff: Effluent; FI: filtration section; Inf: Influent; RE: Anaerobic reactor; Set: settled; STP: standard temperature and pressure, 0 °C and 1 bar; Syn: Synthetic.
aThe values in bracket means the biological reactor removal.
bOrganic loading rate of anaerobic reactor.
cSplit tables showed the HRT of biological reactor and membrane tank, combined tables showed the HRT of whole AnMBR.
dLCH4 gCOD−1 removed based on CODt influent and CODt permeate.
eAssume 1 m3 CH4 can generate 10 kWh of energy and CHP efficiency is 40% CH4.
fCrude: after screening.
gCrude: pre-treatment including screening, degritter and grease removal.
hCrude: from septic tank.
iCrude wastewater with glucose addition.
jWith recirculation.
kWithout recirculation.
lSettled sewage go through 10 μm cartridge filter.
mSettled sewage go through 1 mm screen.
nMembrane submerged in the anaerobic reactor.
oReported as SO42−–S.
pTOC removal.
qOLR for AFBF (OLR of AFMBR).
rCH4 composition in SAF (membrane tank).
sDirectly reported from literature.
tCalculate the methane yield on CODt used for methanogenesis bacterium by subtracting the CODt removed for sulphate reduction bacterium (Lens et al. 1998; Giménez et al. 2012).
uOnly consider the methane from AFBR.
vDirectly reported the energy production.
wLiterature reported the dissolved CH4 (directly test or estimate from Henry's law).
xUse Henry's law to for dissolved CH4 calculation (assume saturation index is 1.00) (Giménez et al. 2012).