IWA Publishing

Table 6

Comparison of mean predicted and actual water loss (leakages and unauthorized consumption) in nodes and pipes of four-loop WDN

Node	*Mean predicted demand (l/s)	Observed demand (l/s)	*Mean pressure (m)	Pipe	*Mean predicted leakage (l/s)	Leakage (l/s)
1	56.000 ± 0.004	56	69.21 ± 0.000	1	5.001 ± 0.028	5
2	44.000 ± 0.008	44	64.75 ± 0.001	2	4.999 ± 0.031	5
3	43.001 ± 0.007	43	64.86 ± 0.001	3	3.015 ± 0.065	3
4	56.998 ± 0.004	57	62.36 ± 0.000	4	4.007 ± 0.056	4
5	45.005 ± 0.006	45	61.60 ± 0.001	5	2.974 ± 0.020	3
6	35.995 ± 0.007	36	57.31 ± 0.003	6	0.043 ± 0.023	0
7	46.003 ± 0.006	46	61.35 ± 0.001	7	3.975 ± 0.023	4
8	37.996 ± 0.007	38	57.10 ± 0.003	8	4.978 ± 0.011	5
9	43.000 ± 0.004	43	54.56 ± 0.001	9	0.047 ± 0.017	0
				10	3.971 ± 0.020	4
				11	3.994 ± 0.072	4
				12	4.996 ± 0.067	5

Node	*Mean predicted demand (l/s)	Observed demand (l/s)	*Mean pressure (m)	Pipe	*Mean predicted leakage (l/s)	Leakage (l/s)
1	56.000 ± 0.004	56	69.21 ± 0.000	1	5.001 ± 0.028	5
2	44.000 ± 0.008	44	64.75 ± 0.001	2	4.999 ± 0.031	5
3	43.001 ± 0.007	43	64.86 ± 0.001	3	3.015 ± 0.065	3
4	56.998 ± 0.004	57	62.36 ± 0.000	4	4.007 ± 0.056	4
5	45.005 ± 0.006	45	61.60 ± 0.001	5	2.974 ± 0.020	3
6	35.995 ± 0.007	36	57.31 ± 0.003	6	0.043 ± 0.023	0
7	46.003 ± 0.006	46	61.35 ± 0.001	7	3.975 ± 0.023	4
8	37.996 ± 0.007	38	57.10 ± 0.003	8	4.978 ± 0.011	5
9	43.000 ± 0.004	43	54.56 ± 0.001	9	0.047 ± 0.017	0
				10	3.971 ± 0.020	4
				11	3.994 ± 0.072	4
				12	4.996 ± 0.067	5

*Average of 20 runs.