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Table 7

Comparison of mean predicted and actual water loss (leakages and unauthorized consumption) in nodes and pipes of six-loop WDN

Node	*Mean predicted demand (l/s)			Observed demand (l/s)	*Mean pressure (m)			Pipe	*Mean predicted leakage (l/s)			Leakage (l/s)
Node	ρ = 8	ρ = 9	ρ = 10	Observed demand (l/s)	ρ = 8	ρ = 9	ρ = 10	Pipe	ρ = 8	ρ = 9	ρ = 10	Leakage (l/s)
1	54.995 ± 0.01	54.999 ± 0.00	54.998 ± 0.00	55	70.74 ± 0.00	70.74 ± 0.00	70.74 ± 0.00	1	2.989 ± 0.06	2.978 ± 0.03	2.986 ± 0.04	3
2	47.001 ± 0.02	47.003 ± 0.01	47.001 ± 0.01	47	66.39 ± 0.00	66.39 ± 0.00	66.39 ± 0.00	2	0.056 ± 0.03	0.040 ± 0.02	0.037 ± 0.02	0
3	41.991 ± 0.02	41.993 ± 0.01	41.994 ± 0.01	42	62.18 ± 0.00	62.18 ± 0.00	62.18 ± 0.00	3	2.934 ± 0.05	2.949 ± 0.03	2.952 ± 0.04	3
4	35.954 ± 0.02	35.958 ± 0.02	35.957 ± 0.02	36	49.15 ± 0.02	49.15 ± 0.02	49.15 ± 0.01	4	3.981 ± 0.06	4.001 ± 0.03	4.000 ± 0.03	4
5	55.988 ± 0.01	55.991 ± 0.01	55.992 ± 0.00	56	67.77 ± 0.00	67.77 ± 0.00	67.77 ± 0.00	5	3.984 ± 0.08	3.998 ± 0.05	3.987 ± 0.05	4
6	65.012 ± 0.01	65.006 ± 0.01	65.005 ± 0.01	65	60.59 ± 0.00	60.59 ± 0.00	60.59 ± 0.00	6	2.977 ± 0.14	2.980 ± 0.09	2.996 ± 0.09	3
7	61.006 ± 0.01	61.005 ± 0.01	61.005 ± 0.00	61	52.21 ± 0.01	52.21 ± 0.00	52.21 ± 0.00	7	2.047 ± 0.13	2.030 ± 0.09	2.021 ± 0.10	2
8	43.988 ± 0.02	43.986 ± 0.01	43.983 ± 0.01	44	42.68 ± 0.02	42.68 ± 0.02	42.68 ± 0.01	8	2.037 ± 0.09	2.025 ± 0.05	2.025 ± 0.06	2
9	58.003 ± 0.02	57.999 ± 0.01	58.002 ± 0.01	58	62.12 ± 0.00	62.12 ± 0.00	62.12 ± 0.00	9	4.882 ± 0.07	4.920 ± 0.06	4.917 ± 0.06	5
10	62.996 ± 0.01	62.998 ± 0.01	62.998 ± 0.01	63	54.30 ± 0.00	54.30 ± 0.00	54.30 ± 0.00	10	0.058 ± 0.04	0.029 ± 0.03	0.028 ± 0.03	0
11	58.006 ± 0.01	58.006 ± 0.01	58.004 ± 0.01	58	44.82 ± 0.01	44.82 ± 0.01	44.82 ± 0.00	11	2.076 ± 0.11	2.053 ± 0.06	2.059 ± 0.07	2
12	53.997 ± 0.01	53.997 ± 0.01	53.997 ± 0.01	54	37.33 ± 0.01	37.33 ± 0.01	37.33 ± 0.00	12	4.924 ± 0.08	4.938 ± 0.06	4.936 ± 0.06	5
								13	0.143 ± 0.06	0.128 ± 0.06	0.129 ± 0.06	0
								14	4.733 ± 0.11	4.781 ± 0.14	4.766 ± 0.10	5
								15	1.255 ± 0.13	1.220 ± 0.16	1.241 ± 0.11	1
								16	4.865 ± 0.17	4.864 ± 0.13	4.856 ± 0.10	5
								17	3.123 ± 0.17	3.127 ± 0.13	3.131 ± 0.10	3

Node	*Mean predicted demand (l/s)			Observed demand (l/s)	*Mean pressure (m)			Pipe	*Mean predicted leakage (l/s)			Leakage (l/s)
Node	ρ = 8	ρ = 9	ρ = 10	Observed demand (l/s)	ρ = 8	ρ = 9	ρ = 10	Pipe	ρ = 8	ρ = 9	ρ = 10	Leakage (l/s)
1	54.995 ± 0.01	54.999 ± 0.00	54.998 ± 0.00	55	70.74 ± 0.00	70.74 ± 0.00	70.74 ± 0.00	1	2.989 ± 0.06	2.978 ± 0.03	2.986 ± 0.04	3
2	47.001 ± 0.02	47.003 ± 0.01	47.001 ± 0.01	47	66.39 ± 0.00	66.39 ± 0.00	66.39 ± 0.00	2	0.056 ± 0.03	0.040 ± 0.02	0.037 ± 0.02	0
3	41.991 ± 0.02	41.993 ± 0.01	41.994 ± 0.01	42	62.18 ± 0.00	62.18 ± 0.00	62.18 ± 0.00	3	2.934 ± 0.05	2.949 ± 0.03	2.952 ± 0.04	3
4	35.954 ± 0.02	35.958 ± 0.02	35.957 ± 0.02	36	49.15 ± 0.02	49.15 ± 0.02	49.15 ± 0.01	4	3.981 ± 0.06	4.001 ± 0.03	4.000 ± 0.03	4
5	55.988 ± 0.01	55.991 ± 0.01	55.992 ± 0.00	56	67.77 ± 0.00	67.77 ± 0.00	67.77 ± 0.00	5	3.984 ± 0.08	3.998 ± 0.05	3.987 ± 0.05	4
6	65.012 ± 0.01	65.006 ± 0.01	65.005 ± 0.01	65	60.59 ± 0.00	60.59 ± 0.00	60.59 ± 0.00	6	2.977 ± 0.14	2.980 ± 0.09	2.996 ± 0.09	3
7	61.006 ± 0.01	61.005 ± 0.01	61.005 ± 0.00	61	52.21 ± 0.01	52.21 ± 0.00	52.21 ± 0.00	7	2.047 ± 0.13	2.030 ± 0.09	2.021 ± 0.10	2
8	43.988 ± 0.02	43.986 ± 0.01	43.983 ± 0.01	44	42.68 ± 0.02	42.68 ± 0.02	42.68 ± 0.01	8	2.037 ± 0.09	2.025 ± 0.05	2.025 ± 0.06	2
9	58.003 ± 0.02	57.999 ± 0.01	58.002 ± 0.01	58	62.12 ± 0.00	62.12 ± 0.00	62.12 ± 0.00	9	4.882 ± 0.07	4.920 ± 0.06	4.917 ± 0.06	5
10	62.996 ± 0.01	62.998 ± 0.01	62.998 ± 0.01	63	54.30 ± 0.00	54.30 ± 0.00	54.30 ± 0.00	10	0.058 ± 0.04	0.029 ± 0.03	0.028 ± 0.03	0
11	58.006 ± 0.01	58.006 ± 0.01	58.004 ± 0.01	58	44.82 ± 0.01	44.82 ± 0.01	44.82 ± 0.00	11	2.076 ± 0.11	2.053 ± 0.06	2.059 ± 0.07	2
12	53.997 ± 0.01	53.997 ± 0.01	53.997 ± 0.01	54	37.33 ± 0.01	37.33 ± 0.01	37.33 ± 0.00	12	4.924 ± 0.08	4.938 ± 0.06	4.936 ± 0.06	5
								13	0.143 ± 0.06	0.128 ± 0.06	0.129 ± 0.06	0
								14	4.733 ± 0.11	4.781 ± 0.14	4.766 ± 0.10	5
								15	1.255 ± 0.13	1.220 ± 0.16	1.241 ± 0.11	1
								16	4.865 ± 0.17	4.864 ± 0.13	4.856 ± 0.10	5
								17	3.123 ± 0.17	3.127 ± 0.13	3.131 ± 0.10	3

*Average of 20 runs.