Study site details.
| . | Hakimpur Turra (Haridwar) . | Khadri Kharak Maf (Dehradun) . | Kimkhola Tehri (Gharwal) . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total geographical area of settlement | 282.88 | NA | 117.5 |
| Altitude of the settlement (masl) | 267 | 340 | 1341 |
| Main ethnic group/caste | OBC, SC | Scheduled Tribe (ST), SC | Ghardwali Rajput, SC |
| Number of households | 416 | 200 | 95 |
| Distance to the nearest water sources (meters) | 0–200 | 0 | 1–500 |
| Population | 2,641 | 8,000 | 413 |
| Average household size | 7–8 | 7–8 | 4–5 |
| Livelihood sources | Agriculture, farm and off-farm labor, private and government jobs, self-business | Agriculture, farm and off-farm labor, private and government jobs, self-business | Agriculture, farm and off-farm labor, private and government jobs, self-business |
| Type of water resources | Groundwater | River | Spring and stand posts |
| Associated risk | Depletion of groundwater, increase in depth of extraction | Flash floods | Drying of springs, reduced water supply |
| Social dynamics related to risk | Marginal community is more affected due to high cost associated with deeper groundwater extraction | Only Buksa tribe has land near river | SC community has limited access to both stand posts and springs |
| Coping/adaptation (current) | Creating a double bore, increase in the motor power for more water | Embankments | Additional water tankers and stand posts |
| Community-based coping/adaptation (proposed by community during study) | Change in cropping pattern, groundwater governance | Relocation | Spring restoration, water harvesting |
| . | Hakimpur Turra (Haridwar) . | Khadri Kharak Maf (Dehradun) . | Kimkhola Tehri (Gharwal) . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total geographical area of settlement | 282.88 | NA | 117.5 |
| Altitude of the settlement (masl) | 267 | 340 | 1341 |
| Main ethnic group/caste | OBC, SC | Scheduled Tribe (ST), SC | Ghardwali Rajput, SC |
| Number of households | 416 | 200 | 95 |
| Distance to the nearest water sources (meters) | 0–200 | 0 | 1–500 |
| Population | 2,641 | 8,000 | 413 |
| Average household size | 7–8 | 7–8 | 4–5 |
| Livelihood sources | Agriculture, farm and off-farm labor, private and government jobs, self-business | Agriculture, farm and off-farm labor, private and government jobs, self-business | Agriculture, farm and off-farm labor, private and government jobs, self-business |
| Type of water resources | Groundwater | River | Spring and stand posts |
| Associated risk | Depletion of groundwater, increase in depth of extraction | Flash floods | Drying of springs, reduced water supply |
| Social dynamics related to risk | Marginal community is more affected due to high cost associated with deeper groundwater extraction | Only Buksa tribe has land near river | SC community has limited access to both stand posts and springs |
| Coping/adaptation (current) | Creating a double bore, increase in the motor power for more water | Embankments | Additional water tankers and stand posts |
| Community-based coping/adaptation (proposed by community during study) | Change in cropping pattern, groundwater governance | Relocation | Spring restoration, water harvesting |
Source: Census 2011, field work.