Table 1
System parameters for Figure 1
| Symbol | Parameter | Value |
|---|---|---|
| L (m) | Total length of main pipe | 100 |
| L1 (m) | Main pipe length from measurement point to upstream reservoir | 90 |
| L2 (m) | Main pipe length from measurement point to end valve | 10 |
| L3 (m) | Length of stub | Varies |
| EL1 (m) | Upstream reservoir elevation | 10.0 |
| EL2 (m) | Downstream reservoir elevation | 8.0 |
| D1 = D2 = D (mm) | Main pipe diameter | 1,000 |
| D3 (m) | Stub diameter | Varies |
| f1 = f2 | Friction factor for main pipe | 0.018 |
| f3 | Friction factor for stub (for D3 = 15 mm) | 0.073 |
| hf (m) | Head loss in main pipe for frictional case | 0.3 |
| a1=a2 = a3 (m/s) | Wave speeds in main pipe and stub | 1,000 |
| V0 (m/s) | Initial velocity for frictionless system | 1.98 |
| V0-f (m/s) | Initial velocity for frictional system | 1.82 |
 | Initial dimensionless valve position | 1.0 |
 | Final dimensionless valve position | 0.0 |
| EM | Exponent that defines the valve curve | 1.0 |
| K0 | Valve loss coefficient when the valve is fully open | 10.0 |
| Δx (m) | Reach length in MOC calculations | 0.1 |
| Δt (s) | Time step in MOC calculations | 0.00001 |
| tc (s) | Time of closure of valve | Varies |
| Symbol | Parameter | Value |
|---|---|---|
| L (m) | Total length of main pipe | 100 |
| L1 (m) | Main pipe length from measurement point to upstream reservoir | 90 |
| L2 (m) | Main pipe length from measurement point to end valve | 10 |
| L3 (m) | Length of stub | Varies |
| EL1 (m) | Upstream reservoir elevation | 10.0 |
| EL2 (m) | Downstream reservoir elevation | 8.0 |
| D1 = D2 = D (mm) | Main pipe diameter | 1,000 |
| D3 (m) | Stub diameter | Varies |
| f1 = f2 | Friction factor for main pipe | 0.018 |
| f3 | Friction factor for stub (for D3 = 15 mm) | 0.073 |
| hf (m) | Head loss in main pipe for frictional case | 0.3 |
| a1=a2 = a3 (m/s) | Wave speeds in main pipe and stub | 1,000 |
| V0 (m/s) | Initial velocity for frictionless system | 1.98 |
| V0-f (m/s) | Initial velocity for frictional system | 1.82 |
| | Initial dimensionless valve position | 1.0 |
| | Final dimensionless valve position | 0.0 |
| EM | Exponent that defines the valve curve | 1.0 |
| K0 | Valve loss coefficient when the valve is fully open | 10.0 |
| Δx (m) | Reach length in MOC calculations | 0.1 |
| Δt (s) | Time step in MOC calculations | 0.00001 |
| tc (s) | Time of closure of valve | Varies |