IWA Publishing

Skip to Main Content

Table 3

Attributes of the selected BP-use cases in farming communities in Nepal and Malawi

	Nepal			Malawi
	Sokhu Besi	Manthali	Lele	Michiru	Tedzani	Kachere cooperative
Distance from aQysta	88 km	129 km	16 km	3 km	60 km	396 km
Travelling time	∼ 3.5 h	∼ 5 h	∼ 1 h	15 min	∼ 2 h	∼ 6.5 h
Topography	River bottom valley	River bottom valley	Sub-valley	River bottom valley	River bottom valley	Shire river basin
Accessibility	Next to national highway	Next to regional road	Next to district road	Next to district road	Next to footpath	Next to dirt road
Main water source	Sun Koshi river	Tamakoshi river	Unnamed river	Likhubula river	Shire river	Chafumbi river
Farm size	0.4 ha	1 ha	0.2 ha	∼ 1 ha	4 ha (partly cultivated)	∼ 1.5 ha
BP presence time	∼ 3 y	∼ 2 y	∼ 1.5 y	∼ 3 m	∼ 2 m	∼ 3 m
Facilitating conditions for BP	– Closeness to river (∼170 m) – Stream speed	– Closeness to river (∼80 m) – Stream speed	– Closeness to river (∼105 m)	– Closeness to river (∼30 m)	– Closeness to river (∼80 m)	– Closeness to river (∼120 m) – Stream speed
Hampering conditions for BP	– Presence of diesel water pumps	– Groundwater sources	– Stream speed – Need of a weir – River floods	– Stream speed – Changing water depth – Need of a weir	– Stream speed – Floating weed – Changing water depth	– Lack of irrigation equipment
BP ownership	– 1 private	– 1 private/ − 1 lent	– 1 lent	– 1 lent (demonstration)	– 1 lent (for testing)	– 1 private
BP conditions	Partially functional and operative	Fully functional yet not operative	Fully functional yet inoperative	Partially functional and operative	Partially functional and inoperative	Fully functional and operative
Farmer attitude on BP	Willing to keep using it	BP less useful than other water pumps	BP does not provide any benefit	Willing to keep using it	Willing to keep using it	Willing to keep using it
Impact of the BP	The farm relies on the BP	None (BPs not in use)	None (BPs not in use)	The farm relies on the BP	None (BP not in use)	The farm relies on the BP
Most preferred existing BME	– Subsidies – Clean energy	– Subsidies – Zero operation costs	– Clean energy – Easy to install and use – Subsidies	– Flexible payment methods – Zero operation costs – Clean energy – No human labor	– Flexible payment methods – Zero operation costs – Clean energy	– Flexible payment methods – Zero operation costs – No human labor
Most preferred proposed BME	– Extra services – Entrepreneurial training – Creation of jobs	– Extra services – Creation of jobs	– Nothing	– Extra services (reservoirs) – Provision of (basic) infrastructure	– Nothing	– Nothing
Least preferred existing BME	– Complex maintenance – Savings in operation – Pumped pressure	– Pumped pressure – Perceived saved labor	– Maintenance provided by an external organization	– Weight and size – Easy to steal/vandalism	– BP does not operate yet	– Pumped flow rate
Least preferred proposed BME	– Paying for extra services	– Non-ownership models – Entrepreneurial training – Paying for extra services	– Entrepreneurial training – Intervention of external organizations – Paying for extra services	N/A	N/A	N/A
Attitude of other farmers on the BP	– Not enough pumped pressure nor flowrate – Diesel water pumps are more useful	N/A	N/A	– Curiosity about the BP operation – Skeptical about BP efficiency, though they think the owner made a good decision	– Curiosity about the BP operation	N/A

	Nepal			Malawi
	Sokhu Besi	Manthali	Lele	Michiru	Tedzani	Kachere cooperative
Distance from aQysta	88 km	129 km	16 km	3 km	60 km	396 km
Travelling time	∼ 3.5 h	∼ 5 h	∼ 1 h	15 min	∼ 2 h	∼ 6.5 h
Topography	River bottom valley	River bottom valley	Sub-valley	River bottom valley	River bottom valley	Shire river basin
Accessibility	Next to national highway	Next to regional road	Next to district road	Next to district road	Next to footpath	Next to dirt road
Main water source	Sun Koshi river	Tamakoshi river	Unnamed river	Likhubula river	Shire river	Chafumbi river
Farm size	0.4 ha	1 ha	0.2 ha	∼ 1 ha	4 ha (partly cultivated)	∼ 1.5 ha
BP presence time	∼ 3 y	∼ 2 y	∼ 1.5 y	∼ 3 m	∼ 2 m	∼ 3 m
Facilitating conditions for BP	– Closeness to river (∼170 m) – Stream speed	– Closeness to river (∼80 m) – Stream speed	– Closeness to river (∼105 m)	– Closeness to river (∼30 m)	– Closeness to river (∼80 m)	– Closeness to river (∼120 m) – Stream speed
Hampering conditions for BP	– Presence of diesel water pumps	– Groundwater sources	– Stream speed – Need of a weir – River floods	– Stream speed – Changing water depth – Need of a weir	– Stream speed – Floating weed – Changing water depth	– Lack of irrigation equipment
BP ownership	– 1 private	– 1 private/ − 1 lent	– 1 lent	– 1 lent (demonstration)	– 1 lent (for testing)	– 1 private
BP conditions	Partially functional and operative	Fully functional yet not operative	Fully functional yet inoperative	Partially functional and operative	Partially functional and inoperative	Fully functional and operative
Farmer attitude on BP	Willing to keep using it	BP less useful than other water pumps	BP does not provide any benefit	Willing to keep using it	Willing to keep using it	Willing to keep using it
Impact of the BP	The farm relies on the BP	None (BPs not in use)	None (BPs not in use)	The farm relies on the BP	None (BP not in use)	The farm relies on the BP
Most preferred existing BME	– Subsidies – Clean energy	– Subsidies – Zero operation costs	– Clean energy – Easy to install and use – Subsidies	– Flexible payment methods – Zero operation costs – Clean energy – No human labor	– Flexible payment methods – Zero operation costs – Clean energy	– Flexible payment methods – Zero operation costs – No human labor
Most preferred proposed BME	– Extra services – Entrepreneurial training – Creation of jobs	– Extra services – Creation of jobs	– Nothing	– Extra services (reservoirs) – Provision of (basic) infrastructure	– Nothing	– Nothing
Least preferred existing BME	– Complex maintenance – Savings in operation – Pumped pressure	– Pumped pressure – Perceived saved labor	– Maintenance provided by an external organization	– Weight and size – Easy to steal/vandalism	– BP does not operate yet	– Pumped flow rate
Least preferred proposed BME	– Paying for extra services	– Non-ownership models – Entrepreneurial training – Paying for extra services	– Entrepreneurial training – Intervention of external organizations – Paying for extra services	N/A	N/A	N/A
Attitude of other farmers on the BP	– Not enough pumped pressure nor flowrate – Diesel water pumps are more useful	N/A	N/A	– Curiosity about the BP operation – Skeptical about BP efficiency, though they think the owner made a good decision	– Curiosity about the BP operation	N/A