IWA Publishing

Table 1

Pooled odds ratios for cholera risk factors – adjusted for multiple studies within the same paper^a

Risk factor category	Risk factor	OR	Lower 95%CI	Upper 95%CI	P-value
Water treatment	Untreated water	2.80	1.82	4.29	<0.001
	Boiling	0.44	0.33	0.60	<0.001
	Chlorination	0.47	0.23	0.98	0.043
Water source	All Municipal/piped	0.90	0.42	1.95	0.790
	Municipal/piped – no waterborne outbreak	0.42	0.26	0.70	0.001
	Surface water	2.88	1.69	4.90	<0.001
	Rainwater	0.34	0.21	0.60	<0.001
	Well water	3.01	1.08	8.39	0.035
Sanitation	Open defaecation	2.64	1.58	4.39	<0.001
	Shared facilities	1.82	1.33	2.51	<0.001
	Improved sanitation	0.69	0.44	1.08	0.110
Hand hygiene	All handwashing	0.36	0.25	0.52	<0.001
	Handwashing before food	0.45	0.32	0.65	<0.001
	Handwashing after defaecation	0.28	0.17	0.45	<0.001
	Presence of soap	0.31	0.22	0.45	<0.001
Water storage	Narrow-mouthed container	0.61	0.12	3.10	0.550
Water storage	Other containers	2.02	1.15	3.57	0.015

Risk factor category	Risk factor	OR	Lower 95%CI	Upper 95%CI	P-value
Water treatment	Untreated water	2.80	1.82	4.29	<0.001
	Boiling	0.44	0.33	0.60	<0.001
	Chlorination	0.47	0.23	0.98	0.043
Water source	All Municipal/piped	0.90	0.42	1.95	0.790
	Municipal/piped – no waterborne outbreak	0.42	0.26	0.70	0.001
	Surface water	2.88	1.69	4.90	<0.001
	Rainwater	0.34	0.21	0.60	<0.001
	Well water	3.01	1.08	8.39	0.035
Sanitation	Open defaecation	2.64	1.58	4.39	<0.001
	Shared facilities	1.82	1.33	2.51	<0.001
	Improved sanitation	0.69	0.44	1.08	0.110
Hand hygiene	All handwashing	0.36	0.25	0.52	<0.001
	Handwashing before food	0.45	0.32	0.65	<0.001
	Handwashing after defaecation	0.28	0.17	0.45	<0.001
	Presence of soap	0.31	0.22	0.45	<0.001
Water storage	Narrow-mouthed container	0.61	0.12	3.10	0.550
Water storage	Other containers	2.02	1.15	3.57	0.015

^aBrief methods for obtaining odds ratios in the ‘Methods’ section, full methods detailed in Supplementary file 1.