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Table 3

Incentive-based approaches used across case studies

Management area	Incentive-based approaches
Management area	Land retirement	Stewardship certification	Water quality trading	Performance incentives	Insurance promoted BMPs	Conservation auctions	Taxes, fees, or surcharges
Murray–Darling basin	•	•	•			•	•
Lake Winnipeg Manitoba	•	•		^a		•
Lake Simcoe	•	•	•	•			•
Prince Edward Island	•	•			•		•
Lake Erie	•	•	•	•			•
Lake Tahiu	•	•	•	•	•		•
Brittany	•	•					•
Lake Léman	•^b						•
Chesapeake Bay watershed	•	•	•	•	•		•
Gulf of Mexico Arkansas	•	•	•	•			•
Iowa	•	•	•	•	•^c	•	•
State of Oregon	•	•	•	•

Management area	Incentive-based approaches
Management area	Land retirement	Stewardship certification	Water quality trading	Performance incentives	Insurance promoted BMPs	Conservation auctions	Taxes, fees, or surcharges
Murray–Darling basin	•	•	•			•	•
Lake Winnipeg Manitoba	•	•		^a		•
Lake Simcoe	•	•	•	•			•
Prince Edward Island	•	•			•		•
Lake Erie	•	•	•	•			•
Lake Tahiu	•	•	•	•	•		•
Brittany	•	•					•
Lake Léman	•^b						•
Chesapeake Bay watershed	•	•	•	•	•		•
Gulf of Mexico Arkansas	•	•	•	•			•
Iowa	•	•	•	•	•^c	•	•
State of Oregon	•	•	•	•

^aPerformance incentives are part of the recommendations made to municipalities applying for the lake friendly certification (https://p2infohouse.org/ref/54/53080.pdf), but we cannot ascertain that these approaches are already available in the Lake Winnipeg watershed.

^bLake Léman does not have a Land retirement project but uses a very active biological agriculture transformation policy promoting high-standard BMPs.

^cPilot program offered in four states in 2003 and currently offered by BMP CHALLENGE TM.

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