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Table 4

Risk mitigation approaches across case studies

Management area	Risk mitigation approaches
Management area	Nutrient management plan (farm)	Drinking water protection plans^a	Early warning system	Algae surveillance program	Cyanotoxin testing^b
Murray–Darling basin	•	^c	•	•	•
Lake Winnipeg Manitoba	•	•		•	•
Lake Simcoe	•	•		•
Prince Edward Island	•	•			•^d
Lake Erie	•	•	•	•	•
Lake Taihu	^a				•
Brittany	•	•		•	•
Lake Léman	•	•	•	•
Chesapeake Bay watershed	•	•	•	•	•
Gulf of Mexico	N.A.	N.A.	•	•	•
Arkansas	•	•
Iowa	•	•		•	•
State of Oregon	•	•		•	•

Management area	Risk mitigation approaches
Management area	Nutrient management plan (farm)	Drinking water protection plans^a	Early warning system	Algae surveillance program	Cyanotoxin testing^b
Murray–Darling basin	•	^c	•	•	•
Lake Winnipeg Manitoba	•	•		•	•
Lake Simcoe	•	•		•
Prince Edward Island	•	•			•^d
Lake Erie	•	•	•	•	•
Lake Taihu	^a				•
Brittany	•	•		•	•
Lake Léman	•	•	•	•
Chesapeake Bay watershed	•	•	•	•	•
Gulf of Mexico	N.A.	N.A.	•	•	•
Arkansas	•	•
Iowa	•	•		•	•
State of Oregon	•	•		•	•

^aMany of those plans are prepared on a voluntary basis.

^bThese refer to the testing of microcystins even if in the USA, some states (Minnesota, Ohio, Oregon, and Vermont) have implemented guidelines for anatoxins, cylindrospermopsins, and saxitoxins (details can be found at https://www.epa.gov/nutrient-policy-data/guidelines-and-recommendations).

^cNo specific drinking water protection plan identified; however, groundwater generic protection exists and surface water is managed in a whole basin plan.

^dIn shellfish only.

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