Characteristics of hybrid constructed wetlands
| Parameters . | HCW . | MHCW-1 . | MHCW-2 . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Length × width × height | 2.0 × 2.0 × 1.5 m | 2.0 × 2.0 × 1.5 m | 2.0 × 2.0 × 1.5 m |
| Surface area | 4 m2 | 4 m2 | 4 m2 |
| Number of substrate layers | 4 | 7 | 7 |
| Plant species (5 plants/m2 for each plant species) | Phragmites australis and Cyperus alternifolius | Phragmites australis and Cyperus alternifolius | Phragmites australis and Cyperus alternifolius |
| Earthworm species (5 kg m−3) | – | – | Perionys excavatus |
| Depth of filter | 1.2 m | 1.2 m | 1.2 m |
| Saturated with water | 0.6 m | 0.6 m | 0.6 m |
| Average flow | 0.1 m3 day−1 | 0.1 m3 day−1 | 0.1 m3 day−1 |
| HLR (hydraulic loading rate) | 0.17 m day−1 | 0.17 m day−1 | 0.17 m day−1 |
| Parameters . | HCW . | MHCW-1 . | MHCW-2 . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Length × width × height | 2.0 × 2.0 × 1.5 m | 2.0 × 2.0 × 1.5 m | 2.0 × 2.0 × 1.5 m |
| Surface area | 4 m2 | 4 m2 | 4 m2 |
| Number of substrate layers | 4 | 7 | 7 |
| Plant species (5 plants/m2 for each plant species) | Phragmites australis and Cyperus alternifolius | Phragmites australis and Cyperus alternifolius | Phragmites australis and Cyperus alternifolius |
| Earthworm species (5 kg m−3) | – | – | Perionys excavatus |
| Depth of filter | 1.2 m | 1.2 m | 1.2 m |
| Saturated with water | 0.6 m | 0.6 m | 0.6 m |
| Average flow | 0.1 m3 day−1 | 0.1 m3 day−1 | 0.1 m3 day−1 |
| HLR (hydraulic loading rate) | 0.17 m day−1 | 0.17 m day−1 | 0.17 m day−1 |