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Table 1

Sequence and reference information for qPCR analysis, with target genes, primer sequences, amplicon sizes, and annealing temperatures

Target gene	Primer sequence (5′–3′)	Amplicon size (bp)	Annealing temperature	References	Control strains
bla_TEM	TEM_F: AAGATGCTGAAGATCA; TEM_R: TTGGTATGGCTTCATTC	425	44 °C	Speldooren et al. (1998)	E. coli T5
bla_SHV	SHV_F: GCGAAAGCCAGCTGTCGGGC; SHV_R: GATTGGCGGCGCTGTTATCGC	304	62 °C	Henriques et al. (2006a)	E. coli 52
bla_CTX-M	CTX_F:58 SCVATGTGCAGYACCAGTAA; CTX_R: G55CTGCCGGTYTTATCVCC	652	55 °C	Lu et al. (2010)	E. coli 85.01
bla_IMP	IMP_F: GAATAGAGTGGCTTAATTGTC; IMP_R: GGTTTAAYAAAACAACCACC	232	55 °C	Henriques et al. (2006b)	NTU 92/99 (IMP − 1) and P. aeruginosa
bla_VIM	VIM_F: GATGGTGTTTGGTCGCATATCG; VIM_R: GCCACGTTCCCCGCAGACG	475	58 °C	Henriques et al. (2006a)	P. putida
bla_KPC	KPC_F: CATTCAAGGGCTTTCTTGCTGC; KPC_R: ACGACGGCATAGTCATTT	538	55 °C	Dallenne et al. (2010)	E. coli USVAST − 0600
bla_GES	GES_F: AGTCGGCTAGACCGGAAAG; GES_R: TTTGTCCGTGCTCAGGAT	399	57 °C	Dallenne et al. (2010)	E. coli GES
bla_NDM	NDM_F: GGGCAGTCGCTTCCAACGGT; NDM_R: GTAGTGCTCAGTGTCGGCAT	405	60 °C	Manchanda et al. (2011)	E. coli MH01

Target gene	Primer sequence (5′–3′)	Amplicon size (bp)	Annealing temperature	References	Control strains
bla_TEM	TEM_F: AAGATGCTGAAGATCA; TEM_R: TTGGTATGGCTTCATTC	425	44 °C	Speldooren et al. (1998)	E. coli T5
bla_SHV	SHV_F: GCGAAAGCCAGCTGTCGGGC; SHV_R: GATTGGCGGCGCTGTTATCGC	304	62 °C	Henriques et al. (2006a)	E. coli 52
bla_CTX-M	CTX_F:58 SCVATGTGCAGYACCAGTAA; CTX_R: G55CTGCCGGTYTTATCVCC	652	55 °C	Lu et al. (2010)	E. coli 85.01
bla_IMP	IMP_F: GAATAGAGTGGCTTAATTGTC; IMP_R: GGTTTAAYAAAACAACCACC	232	55 °C	Henriques et al. (2006b)	NTU 92/99 (IMP − 1) and P. aeruginosa
bla_VIM	VIM_F: GATGGTGTTTGGTCGCATATCG; VIM_R: GCCACGTTCCCCGCAGACG	475	58 °C	Henriques et al. (2006a)	P. putida
bla_KPC	KPC_F: CATTCAAGGGCTTTCTTGCTGC; KPC_R: ACGACGGCATAGTCATTT	538	55 °C	Dallenne et al. (2010)	E. coli USVAST − 0600
bla_GES	GES_F: AGTCGGCTAGACCGGAAAG; GES_R: TTTGTCCGTGCTCAGGAT	399	57 °C	Dallenne et al. (2010)	E. coli GES
bla_NDM	NDM_F: GGGCAGTCGCTTCCAACGGT; NDM_R: GTAGTGCTCAGTGTCGGCAT	405	60 °C	Manchanda et al. (2011)	E. coli MH01