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Table 2

Degradation rate and half-lives of imidacloprid at different initial concentrations, ZnO concentration of 1,000 mg/L and H₂O₂ concentration of 20 mM at pH value of 7

Process	Concentration of imidacloprid	Degradation rate constant, k, (min⁻¹)	Half-life t_1/2 (min)
ZnO(normal)/H₂O₂/artificial sunlight	100 μg/L	0.0166 ± 0.0001	41.68 ± 0.18^b
	500 μg/L	0.0083 ± 0.00001	83.36 ± 0.56^de
	1,000 μg/L	0.0081 ± 0.0001	85.89 ± 0.34^ef
ZnO(nano)/H₂O₂/artificial sunlight	100 μg/L	0.0264 ± 0.0002	26.24 ± 0.39^a
	500 μg/L	0.0137 ± 0.0002	50.61 ± 0.42^c
	1,000 μg/L	0.0095 ± 0.0001	72.68 ± 0.68^d
H₂O₂/artificial sunlight	100 μg/L	0.0090 ± 0.0001	77.4 ± 0.88^d
	500 μg/L	0.0060 ± 0.0001	116.1 ± 1.20ⁱ
	1,000 μg/L	0.0051 ± 0.0001	135.2 ± 2.60^g

Process	Concentration of imidacloprid	Degradation rate constant, k, (min⁻¹)	Half-life t_1/2 (min)
ZnO(normal)/H₂O₂/artificial sunlight	100 μg/L	0.0166 ± 0.0001	41.68 ± 0.18^b
	500 μg/L	0.0083 ± 0.00001	83.36 ± 0.56^de
	1,000 μg/L	0.0081 ± 0.0001	85.89 ± 0.34^ef
ZnO(nano)/H₂O₂/artificial sunlight	100 μg/L	0.0264 ± 0.0002	26.24 ± 0.39^a
	500 μg/L	0.0137 ± 0.0002	50.61 ± 0.42^c
	1,000 μg/L	0.0095 ± 0.0001	72.68 ± 0.68^d
H₂O₂/artificial sunlight	100 μg/L	0.0090 ± 0.0001	77.4 ± 0.88^d
	500 μg/L	0.0060 ± 0.0001	116.1 ± 1.20ⁱ
	1,000 μg/L	0.0051 ± 0.0001	135.2 ± 2.60^g

Statistical comparisons were made among treatments within a single column.

The different letters represent significant differences using Fisher's LSD test at P≤0.05.

Data presented in mean value (three replicates) ± standard deviation.

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