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Table 3

Degradation rate and half-lives of imidacloprid (1 mg/L) at different concentrations of ZnO and H₂O₂ concentration of 20 mM at pH 7

Process	Concentration of ZnO	Degradation rate constant, k, (min⁻¹)	Half-life t_1/2 (min)
ZnO(normal)/H₂O₂/artificial sunlight	100 mg/L	0.0046 ± 0.0001	149.18 ± 1.25^e
	500 mg/L	0.0073 ± 0.00002	94.48 ± 1.34^c
	1,000 mg/L	0.0080 ± 0.00003	85.89 ± 2.65^b
ZnO(nano)/H₂O₂/artificial sunlight	100 mg /L	0.0071 ± 0.00004	97.41 ± 3.17^cd
	500 mg/L	0.0076 ± 0.0001	91.43 ± 1.87^c
	1,000 mg/L	0.0095 ± 0.0001	72.68 ± 2.35^a

Process	Concentration of ZnO	Degradation rate constant, k, (min⁻¹)	Half-life t_1/2 (min)
ZnO(normal)/H₂O₂/artificial sunlight	100 mg/L	0.0046 ± 0.0001	149.18 ± 1.25^e
	500 mg/L	0.0073 ± 0.00002	94.48 ± 1.34^c
	1,000 mg/L	0.0080 ± 0.00003	85.89 ± 2.65^b
ZnO(nano)/H₂O₂/artificial sunlight	100 mg /L	0.0071 ± 0.00004	97.41 ± 3.17^cd
	500 mg/L	0.0076 ± 0.0001	91.43 ± 1.87^c
	1,000 mg/L	0.0095 ± 0.0001	72.68 ± 2.35^a

Statistical comparisons were made among treatments within a single column.

The different letters represent significant differences using Fisher's LSD test at P≤0.05.

Data presented in mean value (three replicates) ± standard deviation.