Degradation rate and half-lives of imidacloprid (1 mg/L) in different water matrix at pH value of 7 and ZnO and H2O2 concentration of 1,000 mg/L and 20 mM, respectively
| Process . | Water matrix . | Degradation rate constant, k, (min−1) . | Half-life t1/2 (min) . |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZnO(normal)/H2O2/artificial sunlight | Milli-Q water | 0.0081 ± 0.00001 | 88.57 ± 2.41b |
| River water | 0.0056 ± 0.0002 | 123.23 ± 1.68c | |
| ZnO(nano)/H2O2/artificial sunlight | Milli-Q water | 0.0095 ± 0.0001 | 72.68 ± 2.35a |
| River water | 0.0078 ± 0.0001 | 88.57 ± 2.41a | |
| H2O2/artificial sunlight | Milli-Q water | 0.0051 ± 0.0001 | 135.2 ± 2.60d |
| River water | 0.0045 ± 0.0001 | 154.8 ± 2.41e | |
| Direct photolysis | Imidacloprid only | 0.0029 ± 0.00001 | 236.20 ± 3.25 |
| Process . | Water matrix . | Degradation rate constant, k, (min−1) . | Half-life t1/2 (min) . |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZnO(normal)/H2O2/artificial sunlight | Milli-Q water | 0.0081 ± 0.00001 | 88.57 ± 2.41b |
| River water | 0.0056 ± 0.0002 | 123.23 ± 1.68c | |
| ZnO(nano)/H2O2/artificial sunlight | Milli-Q water | 0.0095 ± 0.0001 | 72.68 ± 2.35a |
| River water | 0.0078 ± 0.0001 | 88.57 ± 2.41a | |
| H2O2/artificial sunlight | Milli-Q water | 0.0051 ± 0.0001 | 135.2 ± 2.60d |
| River water | 0.0045 ± 0.0001 | 154.8 ± 2.41e | |
| Direct photolysis | Imidacloprid only | 0.0029 ± 0.00001 | 236.20 ± 3.25 |
Statistical comparisons were made among treatments within a single column.
The different letters represent significant differences using Fisher's LSD test at P≤0.05.
Data presented in mean value (three replicates) ± standard deviation.