Summary of performance of the RBC reactor at low temperatures
| Operation . | Water temperature (°C) . | SND efficiency (%) . | NH4+ decrease rateb (mg-N/m2/h) . | NOx− increase rate (mg-N/m2/h) . | DO (mg/L) . | ORPa (mV) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Continuous flowb | 12 | 73 | 68 ± 39 | 18 ± 9 | 1.9 | −49 |
| Continuous flowc | 13 | 77 | 47 ± 13 | 11 ± 5 | 2.4 | −11 |
| Batch | 8 | 29 | 41 | 29 | 2.7 | 113 |
| Batch | 13 | 42 | 56 | 33 | 5.2 | 84 |
| Batch | 20 | 44 | 54 | 30 | 6.5 | 71 |
| Operation . | Water temperature (°C) . | SND efficiency (%) . | NH4+ decrease rateb (mg-N/m2/h) . | NOx− increase rate (mg-N/m2/h) . | DO (mg/L) . | ORPa (mV) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Continuous flowb | 12 | 73 | 68 ± 39 | 18 ± 9 | 1.9 | −49 |
| Continuous flowc | 13 | 77 | 47 ± 13 | 11 ± 5 | 2.4 | −11 |
| Batch | 8 | 29 | 41 | 29 | 2.7 | 113 |
| Batch | 13 | 42 | 56 | 33 | 5.2 | 84 |
| Batch | 20 | 44 | 54 | 30 | 6.5 | 71 |
SND, simultaneous nitrification and denitrification; DO, dissolved oxygen; ORP, oxidation–reduction potential.
aHRT 12 h (until day 22).
bHRT 8 h (from day 23 to day 30).
cHRT 12 h (until day 22).