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Table 1

Details of the VIC model parameters selected for calibration

Parameter	Description	Model response	Range	Units
b_i	Infiltration parameter	Direct flow	1 × 10⁻⁵–0.4	–
D_m	Maximum baseflow velocity	Base flow	0–30	mm/day
D_s	Fraction of max baseflow velocity for nonlinear baseflow	Base flow	0–1	–
W_s	Fraction of max soil moisture for nonlinear baseflow	Base flow	0–1	–
d₁	Thickness of soil layer 1	Drainage	0.01–0.5	m
d₂	Thickness of soil layer 2	Drainage	0.1–2	m
d₃	Thickness of soil layer 3	Base flow	0.1–2	m
Ks₁	Saturated hydraulic conductivity for first layer	Drainage	1–10,000	mm/day
Ks₂	Saturated hydraulic conductivity for second layer	Drainage	1–10,000	mm/day
Ks₃	Saturated hydraulic conductivity for third layer	Drainage	1–10,000	mm/day
exp₁	Exponent (Brooks-Corey drainage eq.) for first layer	Drainage	8–30	–
exp₂	Exponent (Brooks-Corey drainage eq.) for second layer	Drainage	8–30	–
exp₃	Exponent (Brooks-Corey drainage eq.) for third layer	Drainage	8–30	–

Parameter	Description	Model response	Range	Units
b_i	Infiltration parameter	Direct flow	1 × 10⁻⁵–0.4	–
D_m	Maximum baseflow velocity	Base flow	0–30	mm/day
D_s	Fraction of max baseflow velocity for nonlinear baseflow	Base flow	0–1	–
W_s	Fraction of max soil moisture for nonlinear baseflow	Base flow	0–1	–
d₁	Thickness of soil layer 1	Drainage	0.01–0.5	m
d₂	Thickness of soil layer 2	Drainage	0.1–2	m
d₃	Thickness of soil layer 3	Base flow	0.1–2	m
Ks₁	Saturated hydraulic conductivity for first layer	Drainage	1–10,000	mm/day
Ks₂	Saturated hydraulic conductivity for second layer	Drainage	1–10,000	mm/day
Ks₃	Saturated hydraulic conductivity for third layer	Drainage	1–10,000	mm/day
exp₁	Exponent (Brooks-Corey drainage eq.) for first layer	Drainage	8–30	–
exp₂	Exponent (Brooks-Corey drainage eq.) for second layer	Drainage	8–30	–
exp₃	Exponent (Brooks-Corey drainage eq.) for third layer	Drainage	8–30	–