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Table 2

The results of p-values obtained for statistical significance tests to assess the comparative performance of SaDE with the GA, SCE and DE algorithms via the two-sample t-test and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests

Statistical test	DE	GA	SCE	SaDE
Two-sample t-test
DE	–
GA	0.221	–
SCE	0.153	0.005	–
SaDE	1.2×10⁻⁵	0.012	9.7×10⁻⁵	–
Wilcoxon rank-sum test
DE	–
GA	0.140	–
SCE	0.212	0.045	–
SaDE	1.8×10⁻⁴	0.017	1.8×10⁻⁴	–

Statistical test	DE	GA	SCE	SaDE
Two-sample t-test
DE	–
GA	0.221	–
SCE	0.153	0.005	–
SaDE	1.2×10⁻⁵	0.012	9.7×10⁻⁵	–
Wilcoxon rank-sum test
DE	–
GA	0.140	–
SCE	0.212	0.045	–
SaDE	1.8×10⁻⁴	0.017	1.8×10⁻⁴	–

Note: the values in italics indicate statistical difference exists at the 5% significance level.

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