Typology of adaptation actions: modified from Biagini et al. (2014).
| Category . | Sub-category . | Description . | Examples . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Human and social capital | Capacity building (C) | Developing human resources, institutions, and communities, equipping them with the capability to adapt to climate change | Training/workshops for knowledge/skills development, public outreach and education, dissemination of information to decision-makers/ stakeholders; identification of best practices, training materials |
| Practice and behaviour (B) | Revision or expansion of practices and on the ground behaviour that are directly related to building resilience | Soil/land management techniques; climate-resilient crops or livestock practices, post-harvest storage, rainwater collection, expanding integrated pest management | |
| Institutions and governance | Management and planning (M) | Incorporating understanding of climate science, impacts, vulnerability, and risk into government and institutional planning and management | Developing an adaptation plan, livelihood diversification, drought planning, coastal planning, ecosystem-based planning, changing natural resource management |
| Policy (P) | Creation of new policies or revisions to policies or regulations to allow flexibility to adapt to changing climate | Mainstreaming adaptation into development policies, land-use specific policies, improvement of water resource governance, revised design parameters, ensuring compliance with existing regulations | |
| Information and communication tools or technology | Information (I) | Systems for communicating climate information to help build resilience towards climate impacts (other than communication for early warning systems) | Decision support tools, communication tools, data acquisition efforts, digital databases, remote communication technologies |
| Warning or observing systems (W) | Implementation of new or enhanced tools and technologies for communicating extreme weather and climate risks, and for monitoring changes in the climate system | Developing, testing, and deploying monitoring systems; upgrading weather or hydromet services | |
| Infrastructure | ‘Grey’ infrastructure (HI) | Any new or improved hard physical infrastructure aimed at providing direct or indirect protection from climate hazards | Climate-resilient buildings, reservoirs for water storage, irrigation systems, canal infrastructure, sea walls |
| ‘Green’ infrastructure (SI) | Any new or improved soft, natural infrastructure aimed at providing direct or indirect protection from climate hazards | Revegetation, afforestation, woodland management, increased landscape cover, wetland/mangrove restoration | |
| Financing (F) | New financing or insurance strategies to prepare for future climate disturbances | Insurance schemes, microfinance, contingency funds for disasters | |
| Technology (T) | Develop or expand climate-resilient technologies | Technologies that improve water use or water access, solar energy capacity, biogas, water purification, solar salt production | |
| Category . | Sub-category . | Description . | Examples . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Human and social capital | Capacity building (C) | Developing human resources, institutions, and communities, equipping them with the capability to adapt to climate change | Training/workshops for knowledge/skills development, public outreach and education, dissemination of information to decision-makers/ stakeholders; identification of best practices, training materials |
| Practice and behaviour (B) | Revision or expansion of practices and on the ground behaviour that are directly related to building resilience | Soil/land management techniques; climate-resilient crops or livestock practices, post-harvest storage, rainwater collection, expanding integrated pest management | |
| Institutions and governance | Management and planning (M) | Incorporating understanding of climate science, impacts, vulnerability, and risk into government and institutional planning and management | Developing an adaptation plan, livelihood diversification, drought planning, coastal planning, ecosystem-based planning, changing natural resource management |
| Policy (P) | Creation of new policies or revisions to policies or regulations to allow flexibility to adapt to changing climate | Mainstreaming adaptation into development policies, land-use specific policies, improvement of water resource governance, revised design parameters, ensuring compliance with existing regulations | |
| Information and communication tools or technology | Information (I) | Systems for communicating climate information to help build resilience towards climate impacts (other than communication for early warning systems) | Decision support tools, communication tools, data acquisition efforts, digital databases, remote communication technologies |
| Warning or observing systems (W) | Implementation of new or enhanced tools and technologies for communicating extreme weather and climate risks, and for monitoring changes in the climate system | Developing, testing, and deploying monitoring systems; upgrading weather or hydromet services | |
| Infrastructure | ‘Grey’ infrastructure (HI) | Any new or improved hard physical infrastructure aimed at providing direct or indirect protection from climate hazards | Climate-resilient buildings, reservoirs for water storage, irrigation systems, canal infrastructure, sea walls |
| ‘Green’ infrastructure (SI) | Any new or improved soft, natural infrastructure aimed at providing direct or indirect protection from climate hazards | Revegetation, afforestation, woodland management, increased landscape cover, wetland/mangrove restoration | |
| Financing (F) | New financing or insurance strategies to prepare for future climate disturbances | Insurance schemes, microfinance, contingency funds for disasters | |
| Technology (T) | Develop or expand climate-resilient technologies | Technologies that improve water use or water access, solar energy capacity, biogas, water purification, solar salt production | |