Comparison of the permeate flux and salt rejection at 80 °C obtained in this study with the literature values for the DCMD process
| No . | Membrane materials . | Membrane module type . | Modifying agent (PFAS) . | Application . | Contact angle (°) . | Porosity (%) . | Permeate flux (kg/m2 · h) . | Salt rejection (%) . | Reference . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Titania | Tubular | 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane | Desalination (NaCl) | 135–145 | – | 0.9–3.0 | >99 | Kujawa et al. (2014a) |
| 2 | Silicon nitride | Hollow fiber | 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane | Desalination (NaCl) | 136 | 50 | 9.2 | >99 | Zhang et al. (2014) |
| 3 | β-Sialon | Hollow fiber | 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane | Desalination (NaCl) | 125 | 48 | 12.2 | >99 | Wang et al. (2016) |
| 4 | Green Silica | Hollow fiber | 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane | Desalination (NaCl) | 157–161 | 35.86–54.12 | 38.2–52.4 | 99.9 | Hubadilla et al. (2018b) |
| 5 | Metakaolin | Hollow fiber | 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane | Deionized water | 120 | – | 5.3–16.5 | – | Hubadillah et al. (2019e) |
| 6 | Mullite | Hollow fiber | 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane | Desalination (NaCl) | 139 | 43 | 30.55 | 99.99 | Twibi et al. (2021) |
| 7 | Metakaolin | Flat sheet | 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane | Desalination (NaCl) | 113.2–143.3 | 14.88–36.61 | 1.9–6.58 | >95 | This study |
| No . | Membrane materials . | Membrane module type . | Modifying agent (PFAS) . | Application . | Contact angle (°) . | Porosity (%) . | Permeate flux (kg/m2 · h) . | Salt rejection (%) . | Reference . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Titania | Tubular | 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane | Desalination (NaCl) | 135–145 | – | 0.9–3.0 | >99 | Kujawa et al. (2014a) |
| 2 | Silicon nitride | Hollow fiber | 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane | Desalination (NaCl) | 136 | 50 | 9.2 | >99 | Zhang et al. (2014) |
| 3 | β-Sialon | Hollow fiber | 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane | Desalination (NaCl) | 125 | 48 | 12.2 | >99 | Wang et al. (2016) |
| 4 | Green Silica | Hollow fiber | 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane | Desalination (NaCl) | 157–161 | 35.86–54.12 | 38.2–52.4 | 99.9 | Hubadilla et al. (2018b) |
| 5 | Metakaolin | Hollow fiber | 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane | Deionized water | 120 | – | 5.3–16.5 | – | Hubadillah et al. (2019e) |
| 6 | Mullite | Hollow fiber | 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane | Desalination (NaCl) | 139 | 43 | 30.55 | 99.99 | Twibi et al. (2021) |
| 7 | Metakaolin | Flat sheet | 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane | Desalination (NaCl) | 113.2–143.3 | 14.88–36.61 | 1.9–6.58 | >95 | This study |