The Reservoir–Pipe–Valve viscoelastic pipeline transient flow system is taken from the literature of Covas et al. (2004, 2005). This system consists of a constant head reservoir, an HDPE pipeline with length L = 271.5 m between the vessel and the downstream globe valve, inner diameter of 56 mm, wall thickness of 6.2 mm, and a globe valve at the pipe end. The water hammer events are generated by the rapid closure of the downstream valve. Pressure transducers T1, T2 and T3 are arranged at 0.5 m, 74.57 m (0.27L), and 155.08 m (0.57L) away from the downstream valve, respectively, to collect the transient pressure data. The initial steady-states of the three experimental schemes are shown in Table 1.