Urban resilience aims to integrate the social, economic, governance, and environmental components, which before were analysed separately, as the four main dimensions that contribute to resilience. A resilient city must have the capacity to absorb, recover, and prepare for future shocks, promoting sustainable development, well-being, and inclusive growth (Sayaas 2016). Cities should adopt social and ecological approaches, including ecological and social feedback, to improve urban resilience (Calderón-Contreras & Quiroz-Rosas 2017). Table 1 presents several resilience concepts, considering different research perspectives, that are considered the main dimensions of urban resilience.
Resilience concepts adopted as urban resilience dimensions
| Resilience . | Definition . | Key-properties . | Reference . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Organizational | Inherent ability to keep or recover a steady-state, thereby allowing to continue normal operations after a disruptive event or in the presence of continuous stress. | Recovery | Sheffi (2005), in Hosseini et al. (2016) |
| Economic | Ability of the system to withstand either market or environmental shocks without losing the capacity to allocate resources efficiently. | Adaptationcsbarline Persistence | Francis & Bekera (2014) |
| Ecological | Ability of the system to absorb a disturbance, persist in its functions, and adapt. | Absorptioncsbarline Persistencecsbarline Adaptation | Davoudi et al. (2012) |
| Social | Ability of groups or communities to cope with external stresses and disturbances as a result of social, political, and environmental change. | Adaptation | Hosseini et al. (2016) |
| Resilience . | Definition . | Key-properties . | Reference . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Organizational | Inherent ability to keep or recover a steady-state, thereby allowing to continue normal operations after a disruptive event or in the presence of continuous stress. | Recovery | Sheffi (2005), in Hosseini et al. (2016) |
| Economic | Ability of the system to withstand either market or environmental shocks without losing the capacity to allocate resources efficiently. | Adaptationcsbarline Persistence | Francis & Bekera (2014) |
| Ecological | Ability of the system to absorb a disturbance, persist in its functions, and adapt. | Absorptioncsbarline Persistencecsbarline Adaptation | Davoudi et al. (2012) |
| Social | Ability of groups or communities to cope with external stresses and disturbances as a result of social, political, and environmental change. | Adaptation | Hosseini et al. (2016) |